Abstract Crop diseases affect crop yield and quality cause significant losses of total food production worldwide. With the ever‐increasing world population decreasing land water resources, there is a need not only to produce more but also reduce agricultural greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions mitigate climate change avoid use biodiversity loss. Thus, alternative climate‐smart farming systems adapt per hectare in sustainable way than conventional high‐input systems. In addition breeding new...

The proposed introduction of genetically modified herbicide tolerant (GMHT) crops, with claims improved weed control, has prompted fears about possible environmental impacts their widespread adoption, particularly on arable weeds, insects and associated farmland birds. In response to this, we have developed a novel weed–management system for GMHT sugar beet, based band spraying, which exploits the flexibility offered by broad–spectrum partner herbicides. Here, show results from two series...

To optimise trade-offs provided by future changes in grassland use intensity, spatially and temporally explicit estimates of respective productivities are required at the systems level. Here, we benchmark potential national availability biomass, identify optimal strategies for its management, investigate relative importance intensification over reversion (prioritising productivity versus environmental ecosystem services). Process-conservative meta-models different grasslands were used to...

Tobacco root rot caused by Fusarium spp. infection results in significant losses to tobacco production. The disease is primarily prevalent southern and central China, particularly Fujian, Shandong, Shanxi (Qiu et al. 2018). In July 2023, samples (n=10) exhibiting symptoms were collected from Maodianzi Town (40.67°N, 124.62°E; cv. Liaoyan 21) Qingyishan (40.68°N, Kuandian, Liaoning Province, China. incidence the surveyed fields reached approximately 60% 70% based on five-point sampling...

SUMMARY Since the 1970s, delivered sugar yield per hectare has risen at an average annual rate of 0·111 t/ha, while in official variety trials increased 0·204 t/ha. These increases are usually considered to be result improvements varieties and beet agronomy. The present paper considers possible impact recent changes climate on UK yields by using Broom's Barn Crop Growth Model daily weather data collected over last 30 years. Simulations eastern England since 1976 0·139 which accounted for...

Quantitative resistance against Leptosphaeria maculans in Brassica napus is difficult to assess young plants due the long period of symptomless growth pathogen from appearance leaf lesions canker symptoms on stem. By using doubled haploid (DH) lines A30 (susceptible) and C119 (with quantitative resistance), L. was assessed controlled environments at two stages: stage 1, along veins/petioles towards stem by lamina inoculation; 2, tissues produce petiole inoculation. Two types inoculum...

Estimating spatially resolved grassland productivity is essential for benchmarking the total UK productive potential to assess food, feed and fuel trade-offs in context of whole systems analyses. Our objectives were adapt evaluate a well-known process-based model (PBM) estimate improved (permanent, temporary) semi-natural using meta-models (MM) trained by extensive PBM scenario simulations. Observed dry matter (DM) yields multi-site nitrogen (N) response (0, 150 300 kg N ha−1) experiments...

SUMMARY Eleven genotypes of soyabean ( Glycine max ) tropical, sub-tropical and temperate origin one accession G. soja were grown in six locations Australia during 1986–88, at location two Taiwan 1989–91. Dates sowing varied within among so as to expose plants many 32 environments widely different diurnal temperature daylength. Times from flowering f recorded, which rates progress towards (1/ calculated. These derived data then related mean pre-flowering values (T¯) photoperiod (P) using a...

Leaf‐tip appearance and duration from planting to panicle initiation (PI) are important developmental processes in cereals. This study was conducted determine the effect of air temperature on rates leaf‐tip 1/PI for sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. Nine genotypes were grown pots at mean temperatures 17 33°C photoperiods 11.0 12.3 h d −1 glasshouses. recorded every 3 5 PI determined by apical dissection. The optimum (T o ) between 26 27°C supra‐optimal delayed all genotypes. base b...

All eight isolines of three maturity genes (E1/e1, E2/e2, and E3/e3) soyabean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] cv. Clark were grown in widely different combinations photoperiod temperature. Under the more inductive conditions, i.e. a warm mean temperature (30 °C) when daylengths less than critical value (i.e. about 13 h), flowered at similar times (23–24 d). The responses all to also similar, if not identical. Increase daylength above progressively delayed flowering until time taken flower (f)...

Using cultivar resistance against pathogens is one of the most economical and environmentally friendly methods for control crop diseases. However, can be easily rendered ineffective due to changes in pathogen populations or environments. To test hypothesis that combining R gene-mediated quantitative (QR) provide more effective than use either type on its own, effectiveness eight oilseed rape (Brassica napus) cultivars with different genes and/or QR Leptosphaeria maculans (phoma stem canker)...

Cercospora leaf spot, caused by beticola, is the most damaging foliar disease of sugar beet in Minnesota (MN) and North Dakota (ND). Research was conducted to characterize temporal progression aerial concentration C. beticola conidia association with environment severity beet. In 2003 2004, volumetric spore traps were placed within inoculated plots determine daily dispersal at Breckenridge, MN, St. Thomas, ND. Plots rated weekly for severity. At both locations, first collected early July...

Bolting, the first visible sign of reproductive transition in beets (Beta vulgaris), is controlled by dominant bolting gene B (B allele), which allows for flowering under long days (LDs, >14 h light) without prior vernalization. The B-locus carries recessive alleles (bb) sugar beet vulgaris L. spp. so that vernalization and LDs are required flowering. Gibberellin growth hormones (GAs) control stem elongation development, but their role during these processes not defined. We aimed to...

Virus yellows, the disease that was regarded as worst scourge of sugar beet production in northern Europe 20th century, made a dramatic and devastating comeback 2020, infecting up to 100% some fields Fens Cambridgeshire, culminating 38.1% infection national crop, highest incidence this pernicious since epidemics 1974–1976. The causes latest epidemic were consequences perfect storm – high overwintering survival principal vector, peach potato aphid, Myzus persicae , following very mild winter,...

Summary Variation in time from sowing to flowering ( f ) was examined for 44 cultivars of soyabean, mungbean, black gram, ricebean, cowpea, chickpea, lentil and barley, when grown up 21 diverse environments obtained by making one or more sowings at each six locations spanning tropical, sub-tropical temperate climates Australia. The utility simple linear models, relating rate development (l/ towards mean photoperiod temperature prevailing between flowering, evaluated. models were highly...

When used in genetically modified herbicide–tolerant (GMHT) crops, glyphosate provides great flexibility to manipulate weed populations with consequences for invertebrates and higher trophic levels, example birds. A range of timings band overall spray treatments GMHT sugar beet were compared a conventional control programme four field trials over 2 years. Single sprays applied between 200 250 accumulated day degrees (above base air temperature 3°C; °Cd) at 10% or 20% ground cover within the...