Symbiotic nitrogen fixation of two field grown soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] varieties, ‘Chippewa 64’ and ‘Clay,’ was measured at 7 to 10 day intervals starting flowering, using the acetylene reduction assay. At he end treatments were applied which designed alter relationship between photosynthetic source sink components in plants. The supplemental light, 25% shade, 50% depodding, 60% defoliation, control. Total activity per plant increased both varieties during flowering period, reached...

Abstract This review distills recent information on drought resistance characteristics of grain legumes with a view toward developing appropriate genetic enhancement strategies for water-limited environments. First, the possible adaptations that allow to better cope stress are summarized. It is suggested there considerable gains be made in increasing yield and stability environments characterized by terminal further exploiting escape, shortening crop duration. Many traits conferring...

SUMMARY Despite numerous altempts, the development of generalixed models capable accurate predictions times from sowing to flowering ( f ) crop plants in field environments has remained elusive. Models which seek correlate ;ʃ with various states environmental factors such as photoperiod, P , and temperature, T using formal statistical procedures arc often complex. Here, we describe a family photothermal responses (involving unambiguous parameters limits) quantify linear, non-interacting...

Summary Approaches using breeding, physiology and modelling for evaluating adaptation of plant genotypes to target environments are discussed methods characterizing the outlined. Traditional approaches, their limitations, evaluation genotypic statistical classificatory techniques with a phenotypic model discussed. It is suggested that simple biological most appropriate framework in which integrate breeding. Methods by may contribute assessment adaptive traits selection breeding programme considered.

Abstract. Four contrasting grain legume species ( Glycine max, Vigna radiata. mungo and angularis ) were grown as row crops with both 0.5 m 1.0 spacings between centres. Light transmission profiles, at ground level, across rows of plants, obtained for each crop on a number occasions during growth. The proportion the incident downward light flux density intercepted by solar noon was found to be simply directly related product area covered crop's leaf canopy centre that crop. average energy...

SUMMARY Growth and development of the tropical grain legumes are generally highly sensitive to photo-thermal regime, so that seasonal regional effects on phenology yield potential can be large. Yet failure adequately recognize fully exploit consequences genotype × latitude/sowing date density interactions has frequently constrained both agronomic genetic advance with these species. Thus there is opportunity for short term productivity improvements through strategies which accept implications...

Two genetic linkage maps of mungbean derived from the cross Berken ACC 41 are reported. The F2 map constructed 67 individuals consisted 110 markers (52 RFLP and 56 RAPD) that grouped into 12 groups. linked spanned a total distance 758.3 cM. A recombinant inbred (RI) population was used for generation an additional map. RI map, composed entirely RAPD markers, 115 in 691.7 Using framework set compared with another Minnesota. In general, order these consistent between maps. Segregation...

SUMMARY Eleven genotypes of soyabean ( Glycine max ) tropical, sub-tropical and temperate origin one accession G. soja were grown in six locations Australia during 1986–88, at location two Taiwan 1989–91. Dates sowing varied within among so as to expose plants many 32 environments widely different diurnal temperature daylength. Times from flowering f recorded, which rates progress towards (1/ calculated. These derived data then related mean pre-flowering values (T¯) photoperiod (P) using a...

Previous experiments in the Australian tropics have observed a 'slowdown' biomass accumulation mature sugarcane crops. By installing scaffolding to prevent lodging, we eliminated growth 3 confirm that lodging and stalk death are part of explanation. In both wet dry (irrigated) tropics, significantly decreased fresh cane yield commercial sugar content (CCS). Prevention increased by 11–15%, CCS 3–12%, 15–35% at final harvest August–September. The rate increase lodged was reduced following...

Abstract Weather damage reduces the value of commercial mungbean. but hard‐seededness can reduce level damage. However. attempts lo breed large‐ and hard‐seeded mungbean varieties have been unsuccessful. To understand relationship between seed weight hard‐seededness. these trails were investigated using a quantitative trail loci (QTL) mapping approach with recombinant inbred population derived from cross completely soft‐seeded variety genotype. The two parental genotypes also had sixfold...

Domestication is the long and complex process underlying evolution of crops, in which artificial directional selection transformed wild progenitors into desired form, affecting genomic variation leaving traces at targeted loci. However, whether genes controlling important domestication traits follow same evolutionary pattern expected under standard selective sweep model remains unclear. With whole-genome resequencing mungbean (Vigna radiata), we investigated this issue by resolving its...

The wild mungbean, Vigna radiata ssp. sublobata, is an ‘old world’ tropical species indigenous throughout the better watered areas of northern Australia. Variation among 115 accessions, mainly from Australia, West Timor, and Papua New Guinea, was evaluated for several diverse traits. plants were cultivated in field at 2 sowing dates, both a subtropical location, with 6 accessions India mungbean cultivar comparison. Substantial variation identified traits potential agronomic, adaptive, or...

Two field experiments were conducted to determine the effect of 1) grafting onto root genotypes with different nitrogen fixation rates, and 2) supplemental applied at time declining nodule activity (end flowering), on nodulation, seed yield, protein yield ‘Chippewa 64’ ‘Clay’ soybeans ( Glycine max (L.) Merr.). The in situations low available soil ensure a strong reliance symbiotic fixation. In first study, seedling shoots both varieties grafted four roofstocks: ‘Wayne’, ‘Altona’, Chippewa...

Summary Variation in time from sowing to flowering ( f ) was examined for 44 cultivars of soyabean, mungbean, black gram, ricebean, cowpea, chickpea, lentil and barley, when grown up 21 diverse environments obtained by making one or more sowings at each six locations spanning tropical, sub-tropical temperate climates Australia. The utility simple linear models, relating rate development (l/ towards mean photoperiod temperature prevailing between flowering, evaluated. models were highly...

Studies were undertaken to assess genotypic variation in soybean and related wild species for traits with putative effects on leaf turgor maintenance droughted plants. Traits of interest (i) epidermal conductance (ge) which influences the rate water loss from stressed leaves after stomatal closure; (ii) osmotic adjustment (OA) as indicated by tissue potential (π), potentially affects capacity withdraw at low soil potential; (iii) relative content (RWC) incipient death (critical content,...

The purpose of this paper and its companion1 is to describe how, in eastern Australia, soybean improvement, terms both breeding agronomy, has been informed influenced over the past four decades by physiological understanding environmental control phenology. This first describes how initial attempts grow using varieties production practices from southern USA, met with limited success due large variety × environment interaction effects on seed yield. In particular, there were location, sowing...

SUMMARY Four genotypes of ‘desi’ and two ‘kabuli’ chickpea ( Cicer arietinum ) were sown at six locations in Australia on various dates between 1986 1988, giving 22 combinations site sowing date with diverse photothermal environments. Times from to first flowering f varied 30 162 d, mean pre-flowering temperatures 10.8° 29.3°C photoperiods 11.3 15.6 h d −1 . There was no evidence that any observation had been obtained shorter than the ceiling photoperiod (P cc or longer critical c ). This...

Twelve soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] lines of tropical and temperate origin were grown to anthesis then subjected a range thermal regimes, using growth cabinets, test their sensitivity low temperature during early reproductive growth. Plants under an 11‐h photoperiod with 30/20°C day/night, 12‐h thermoperiods prior flowering, after all eight combinations 20°C 30°C day 8, 12, 16, night thermoperiods. There large differential responses among in the podset temperature. As group, adaptation...

As part of a project exploring the potential for using leaf physiological traits to improve drought tolerance in soybean, studies were conducted explore whether epidermal conductance (ge), osmotic (π), and relative water content (RWC) influenced turgor maintenance ultimately survival droughted plants. In glasshouse study, plants 8 soybean genotypes that showed different expression grown well watered soil-filled beds 21 days then exposed terminal deficit stress. The trends each trait...

The response to terminal water deficit stress of three grain legumes, soybean, cowpea and pigeonpea, was evaluated in plants grown large tubes, competition with either the same species or one other two species. aim explore how differences drought affected use, growth survival pure stand competition. Two plants, comprising test its competitor, were each tube. Water withheld 26 days after sowing by which time plant had at least fully expanded trifoliolate leaves. Leaf status measured through...