Confocal Microwave Imaging (CMI) for the early detection of breast cancer has been under development over two decades and is currently going through early-phase clinical evaluation. The image reconstruction algorithm a key signal processing component any CMI-based imaging system impacts efficacy CMI in detecting cancer. Several algorithms have developed since its inception. These previously evaluated compared, using both numerical physical models, healthy volunteer data. However, no study...

We present preliminary results from a method for estimating the optimal effective permittivity reconstructing microwave-radar images. Using knowledge of how images are formed, we identify characteristics that typical good images, and define fitness function to measure relative image quality. build polynomial interpolant in order most likely values tissue. To make estimation process more efficient, is constructed using locally dimensionally adaptive sampling novel combination stochastic...

A second-generation monostatic radar system to measure microwave reflections from the human breast is presented and analyzed. The present can outline of with an accuracy ±1 mm precisely place sensor in adaptive matter such that microwaves are normally incident on skin. Microwave measured between 10 MHz 12 GHz sensitivity 65 75 dB below input power a total scan time 30 min for 140 locations. domain volunteer show fidelity above 0.98 signals single scan. Finally, multiple scans phantoms...

Microwave imaging is a promising modality for the early detection of breast cancer. The two most important signal processing components radar-based microwave system are early-time artifact removal and image reconstruction algorithm. Several algorithms have been developed their performance has evaluated in number studies. However, these evaluation studies were either performed on numerical phantoms or used an idealized In this paper, range both data independent adaptive using experimental...

Microwave imaging for biomedical applications is a growing field that shows promise in early patient studies. Interpretation of preclinical results difficult, part due to an incomplete understanding the operator. In this paper, near-field beamforming demonstrated be analogous synthetic aperture radar, and both methods are shown depend on several simplifying assumptions. The influence these assumptions analyzed using analytical simulated models, confirmed experimental setup. These...

Microwave radar imaging is promising as a complementary medical modality. However, the unique nature of images means interpretation can be difficult. As result, it important to understand sources image differences, and how much variability inherent in system itself. To address this issue, we compare effectiveness six different measures similarity for quantifying (or difference) between two microwave images. The structural index has become de facto standard comparison, but propose that useful...

Metamaterial is promising for enhancing the capability of plasmonic devices. We consider a cylindrical waveguide with three-level \Lambda\ atoms embedded in dielectric core. By comparing metal cladding vs metamaterial core, we show that, fixed amount slowing light due to electromagnetically induced transparency, outperforms terms inherent loss.

We characterize surface-plasmon polaritons at lossy planar interfaces between one dispersive and nondispersive linear isotropic homogeneous media, i.e., materials or metamaterials. Specifically we solve Maxwell's equations to obtain strict bounds for the permittivity permeability of these media such that satisfying implies successfully propagate interface, violation impedes propagation, field delocalizes from surface into bulk. Our characterization is valuable checking viability a proposed...

We outline a method for simultaneous optimization of multiple imaging parameters microwave-radar imaging. Arguably, the most important parameter to determine is effective permittivity use image reconstruction. The accuracy and reliability final depends strongly on ability accurately estimate permittivity. demonstrate that our capable estimating correct permittivity, thereby reconstructing reliable images, by applying it data collected with Tissue Sensing Adaptive Radar system being developed...

Microwave breast imaging has seen increasing use in clinical investigations the past decade with over eight systems having being trialled patients. The majority of radar-based algorithms to reconstruct image shown clinician which requires an estimate dielectric properties synthetically focus signals image. Both simulated and experimental studies have that, even simplified scenarios, misestimation can impair both quality tumour detection. Many methods been proposed address issue estimation...

We show how su(2) intelligent states can be obtained by coupling coherent states. The construction is simple and efficient, easily leads to a discussion of some general properties

We develop a theory for waveguides that respects the duality of electromagnetism, namely symmetry equations arising through inclusion magnetic monopoles in addition to including electrons (electric monopoles). The term magnetoelectric potential is sometimes used signify magnetic-monopole induced dual usual electromagnetic potential. To this end, we introduce general describing modes and characteristics based on mixed-monopole materials, with both electric responses. Our accommodates exotic...

We employ the properties of metamaterials to tailor modes metamaterial-dielectric waveguides operating at optical frequencies. survey effects three-dimensional isotropic metamaterial structural parameters on refractive index and hybrid in slab waveguides. Hybrid refer ordinary-surface plasmon polariton waveguide structures. investigate how robust are fluctuations their parameters; specifically, we examine Gaussian errors electromagnetic behavior. Our enables us determine allowable...

Metamaterials, which are materials engineered to possess novel optical properties, have been increasingly studied. The ability fabricate metamaterials has sparked an interest in determining possible applications. We investigate using a metamaterial for boundary engineering waveguides. A metamaterial-clad cylindrical waveguide is used provide confinement signal, thereby increasing the local electromagnetic energy density. show that waveguides unique including new modes, we call hybrid modes....

Metamaterials, which are materials engineered to possess novel optical properties, have been increasingly studied. The ability fabricate metamaterials has sparked an interest in determining possible applications. We investigate using a metamaterial for boundary engineering waveguides. A metamaterial-clad cylindrical waveguide is used provide confinement signal, thereby increasing the local electromagnetic energy density. show that waveguides unique including new modes, we call hybrid...

In this paper, we employ the properties of metamaterials to tailor modes metamaterial-dielectric waveguides operating at optical frequencies. We survey effect fishnet metamaterial structural parameters such as magnetic oscillation strength, resonance frequency and damping on double-negative refractive index region in hybrid-modes slab waveguides. To identify robustness fluctuations parameters, investigate behavior under Gaussian errors their parameters. Our enables identification appropriate...

We derive rigorous criteria for the existence of surface-plasmon polaritons (SPPs) at lossy interfaces by considering properties SPPs and employing requirement causality. These impose limits on susceptibilities metamaterial.

We characterize slab and cylindrical waveguides with a dielectric core metamaterial cladding (metamaterial-dielectric guide). use the lossy Drude model to describe permittivity of Lorentz-like for permeability. identify possible modes examine various related quantities, such as dispersion attenuation, metamaterial-dielectric waveguides. find that at certain frequencies guides differ from metal-dielectric or dielectric-dielectric guides. Our results also point possibility having waveguide...

We extend previous work on intelligent states and show how to construct su(3) by coupling coherent states.We also discuss some properties of the resulting states.

We show how su(2) intelligent states can be obtained by coupling coherent states. The construction is simple and efficient, easily leads to a discussion of some general properties