A5023435777- Coral and Marine Ecosystems Studies
- Marine and fisheries research
- Coastal and Marine Management
- Marine Bivalve and Aquaculture Studies
- International Maritime Law Issues
- Marine animal studies overview
- Climate Change, Adaptation, Migration
- Marine and coastal plant biology
- Agriculture Sustainability and Environmental Impact
- Ocean Acidification Effects and Responses
- Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Economic and Environmental Valuation
- Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management
- Species Distribution and Climate Change
- Land Use and Ecosystem Services
- Coastal wetland ecosystem dynamics
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Indigenous Studies and Ecology
- Isotope Analysis in Ecology
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Climate Change and Health Impacts
- Fish Ecology and Management Studies
- Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth
- Wildlife-Road Interactions and Conservation
- Transboundary Water Resource Management
Stanford University
2008-2024
Norwegian Institute for Water Research
2017-2023
Farallon Institute
2023
University of Bergen
2023
NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service Alaska Fisheries Science Center
2023
Birds Canada
2021
Conservation International
2009-2018
Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation
2016
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
2005-2010
Pacific University
2008
The management and conservation of the world's oceans require synthesis spatial data on distribution intensity human activities overlap their impacts marine ecosystems. We developed an ecosystem-specific, multiscale model to synthesize 17 global sets anthropogenic drivers ecological change for 20 Our analysis indicates that no area is unaffected by influence a large fraction (41%) strongly affected multiple drivers. However, areas relatively little impact remain, particularly near poles....
Abstract Human pressures on the ocean are thought to be increasing globally, yet we know little about their patterns of cumulative change, which most responsible for and places experiencing greatest increases. Managers policymakers require such information make strategic decisions monitor progress towards management objectives. Here calculate map recent change over 5 years in impacts marine ecosystems globally from fishing, climate ocean- land-based stressors. Nearly 66% 77% national...
A number of factors have recently caused mass coral mortality events in all the world's tropical oceans. However, little is known about timing, rate or spatial variability loss reef-building corals, especially Indo-Pacific, which contains 75% reefs.We compiled and analyzed a cover database 6001 quantitative surveys 2667 Indo-Pacific reefs performed between 1968 2004. Surveys conducted during 2003 indicated that averaged only 22.1% (95% CI: 20.7, 23.4) just 7 390 surveyed year had >60%....
Very little is known about how environmental changes such as increasing temperature affect disease dynamics in the ocean, especially at large spatial scales. We asked whether frequency of warm anomalies positively related to coral across 1,500 km Australia's Great Barrier Reef. used a new high-resolution satellite dataset ocean and 6 y cover data from annual surveys 48 reefs answer this question. found highly significant relationship between frequencies white syndrome, an emergent disease,...
Many marine scientists have concluded that coral reefs are moving toward or locked into a seaweed‐dominated state. However, because there been no regional‐ global‐scale analyses of such reef “phase shifts,” the magnitude this phenomenon was unknown. We analyzed 3581 quantitative surveys 1851 performed between 1996 and 2006 to determine frequency, geographical extent, degree macroalgal dominance phase shifts around world. Our results indicate replacement corals by macroalgae as dominant...
Background A variety of human activities have led to the recent global decline reef-building corals [1], [2]. The ecological, social, and economic value coral reefs has made them an international conservation priority [2], [3]. success Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in restoring fish populations [4] optimism that they could also benefit by indirectly reducing threats like overfishing, which cause degradation mortality [5]. However, general efficacy MPAs increasing reef resilience never been...
Managing coral reefs for resilience to climate change is a popular concept but has been difficult implement because the empirical scientific evidence either not evaluated or sometimes unsupportive of theory, which leads uncertainty when considering methods and identifying priority reefs. We asked experts reviewed literature guidance on multiple physical biological factors that affect ability resist recover from disturbance. Eleven key inform decisions based scaling achievability quantifying...
In recent decades, many marine populations have experienced major declines in abundance, but we still know little about where management interventions may help protect the highest levels of biodiversity. We used modeled spatial distribution data for nearly 12,500 species to quantify global patterns richness and two measures endemism. By combining these with information on cumulative human impacts, identified priority areas biodiversity is most least impacted by activities, both within...
Blue foods play a central role in food and nutrition security for billions of people are cornerstone the livelihoods, economies, cultures many coastal riparian communities. extraordinarily diverse, often rich essential micronutrients fatty acids, can be produced ways that more environmentally sustainable than terrestrial animal-source foods. Capture fisheries constitute largest wild-food resource human extraction would challenging to replace. Yet, despite their unique value, blue have been...
Blue foods, sourced in aquatic environments, are important for the economies, livelihoods, nutritional security and cultures of people many nations. They often nutrient rich
Labor abuse on fishing vessels and illegal, unreported unregulated (IUU) violate human rights, jeopardize food security, deprive governments of revenues. We applied a multi-method approach, combining new empirical data with satellite information activities vessel characteristics to map risks labor IUU fishing, understand their relationships, identify major drivers. Port were globally pervasive often coupled, 57% assessed ports associated or fishing. For trips ending in ports, 82% linked...
Abstract Habitat loss and fragmentation are main causes for Asian elephant population declines. We mapped wildlands ‐ large, unfragmented undeveloped areas asking: (1) Where the largest that constitute habitats? (2) What proportion of these is protected? (3) their potential conservation? Our study demonstrates only 51% range. Myanmar has wildland (∼170,000 km 2 ), followed by Thailand India. In Principal Components Analysis (PCA), first two components explained 73% variation in among ranges....
Poverty and biodiversity loss are two of the world's dire challenges. Claims conservation's contribution to poverty alleviation, however, remain controversial. Here, we assess flows ecosystem services provided people by priority habitats for terrestrial conservation, considering global distributions biodiversity, physical factors, socioeconomic context. We estimate value these poor, both through direct benefits payments those stewarding natural habitats. The potential conservation support...
Abstract Many human populations are dependent on marine ecosystems for a range of benefits, but we understand little about where and to what degree people rely these ecosystem services. We created new conceptual model map the dependence based magnitude benefit, susceptibility loss that availability alternatives. focused mapping nutritional, economic, coastal protection dependence, our is repeatable, scalable, applicable other ecosystems, designed incorporate additional services data. Here...
Effective spatial management in the ocean requires a network of conservation areas that are connected by larval and adult dispersal. We propose conceptual framework for including likely impacts changing climate on marine connectivity, synthesize information relationships between temperature acidification, connectivity tools. Our relies concepts functional which depends an organism's biological behavioral responses to physical environment, structural , describes changes structure environment...
Effective and comprehensive regional-scale marine conservation requires fine-grained data on the spatial patterns of threats their overlap. To address this need for Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument (Monument) in Hawaii, USA, 14 recent anthropogenic specific to region were gathered or created, including alien species, bottom fishing, lobster trap ship-based pollution, ship strike risks, debris, research diving, equipment installation, wildlife sacrifice, several climate change i.e.,...
ABSTRACT Aim Coral reefs are widely considered to be particularly vulnerable changes in ocean temperatures, yet we understand little about the broad‐scale spatio‐temporal patterns that may cause coral mortality from bleaching and disease. Our study aimed characterize these temperature at biologically relevant scales. Location Global, with a focus on reefs. Methods We created 4‐km resolution, 21‐year global anomaly (deviations long‐term means) database quantify spatial temporal...
Abstract Warming ocean temperatures are considered to be an important cause of the degradation world's coral reefs. Marine protected areas ( MPA s) have been proposed as one tool increase reef ecosystem resistance and resilience (i.e. recovery) negative effects climate change, yet few studies evaluated their efficacy in achieving these goals. We used a high resolution 4 km global temperature anomaly database from 1985–2005 8040 live cover surveys on unprotected reefs determine whether or not...
International and regional policies aimed at managing ocean ecosystem health need quantitative comprehensive indices to synthesize information from a variety of sources, consistently measure progress, communicate with key constituencies the public. Here we present second annual global assessment Ocean Health Index, reporting current scores changes since 2012, recalculated using updated methods data based on best available science, for 221 coastal countries territories. The Index measures...
Abstract The exploitation status of marine fisheries stocks worldwide is critical importance for food security, ecosystem conservation, and fishery sustainability. Applying a suite data‐limited methods to global catch data, combined through an ensemble modeling approach, we provide quantitative estimates 785 fish stocks. Fifty‐three percent (414 stocks) are below B MSY these, 265 estimated be 80% the level. While 149 above conventionally considered “fully exploited,” staying at this level...
Recent studies suggest that the pervasive impacts on global fishery resources caused by stressors such as overfishing and climate change could dramatically increase likelihood of conflict. However, existing projections do not consider wider economic, social, or political trends when assessing of, influences on, future conflict trajectories. In this paper, we build four scenarios considering multiple drivers derived from an expert workshop, a longitudinal database international conflict,...