A5024240786- Insect symbiosis and bacterial influences
- Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Plant and animal studies
- Insect-Plant Interactions and Control
- RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- Phytoplasmas and Hemiptera pathogens
- Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology
- Entomopathogenic Microorganisms in Pest Control
- Research on scale insects
- RNA modifications and cancer
- Protist diversity and phylogeny
- Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
- Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks
- Insect and Pesticide Research
- Legume Nitrogen Fixing Symbiosis
- Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Biomedical Research
- Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior
- Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research
- Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions
- RNA Research and Splicing
- Lichen and fungal ecology
- Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
- Forest Ecology and Biodiversity Studies
- HIV Research and Treatment
Howard Hughes Medical Institute
1999-2024
Arizona State University
2021-2024
University of Montana
2014-2023
Biolog (United States)
2017
Canadian Institute for Advanced Research
2014-2016
University of Arizona
2007-2011
Arizona Science Center
2008-2011
Washington University in St. Louis
2005
University of Utah
1997-2001
Brookhaven National Laboratory
1999
We describe a DNA sequencing technology in which commonly available, inexpensive epifluorescence microscope is converted to rapid nonelectrophoretic automation. apply this resequence an evolved strain of Escherichia coli at less than one error per million consensus bases. A cell-free, mate-paired library provided single molecules that were amplified parallel 1-micrometer beads by emulsion polymerase chain reaction. Millions immobilized polyacrylamide gel and subjected automated cycles...
The carboxyl-terminal domain, residues 146 to 231, of the human immunodeficiency virus–1 (HIV-1) capsid protein [CA(146–231)] is required for dimerization and viral assembly. This domain contains a stretch 20 residues, called major homology region (MHR), which conserved across retroviruses essential assembly, maturation, infectivity. crystal structures CA(146–231) CA(151–231) reveal that globular composed four helices an extended amino-terminal strand. dimerizes through parallel packing...
Lichens assemble in three parts Lichen growth forms cannot be recapitulated the laboratory by culturing plant and fungal partners together. Spribille et al. have discovered that classical binary view of lichens is too simple. Instead, North American beard-like are constituted not two but symbiotic partners: an ascomycetous fungus, a photosynthetic alga, and, unexpectedly, basidiomycetous yeast. The yeast cells form characteristic cortex lichen thallus may important for its shape. yeasts...
A strictly host-dependent lifestyle has profound evolutionary consequences for bacterial genomes. Most prominent is a sometimes-dramatic amount of gene loss and genome reduction. Recently, highly reduced genomes from the co-resident intracellular symbionts sharpshooters were shown to exhibit striking level metabolic interdependence. One symbiont, called Sulcia muelleri (Bacteroidetes), can produce eight 10 essential amino acids, despite having only 245 kb. The other, Baumannia...
Obligate symbioses with nutrient-provisioning bacteria have originated often during animal evolution and been key to the ecological diversification of many invertebrate groups. To date, genome sequences insect nutritional symbionts restricted a related cluster within Gammaproteobacteria revealed distinctive features, including extreme reduction, rapid evolution, biased nucleotide composition. Using recently developed sequencing technologies, we show that Sulcia muelleri, member...
The main genomic changes in the evolution of host-restricted microbial symbionts are ongoing inactivation and loss genes combined with rapid sequence extreme structural stability; these reflect high levels genetic drift due to small population sizes strict clonality. This erosion includes irreversible many functional categories can include that underlie nutritional contributions hosts basis symbiotic association. Candidatus Sulcia muelleri is an ancient symbiont sap-feeding insects typically...
The genetic code relates nucleotide sequence to amino acid and is shared across all organisms, with the rare exceptions of lineages in which one or a few codons have acquired novel assignments. Recoding UGA from stop tryptophan has evolved independently certain reduced bacterial genomes, including those mycoplasmas some mitochondria. Small genomes typically exhibit low guanine plus cytosine (GC) content, this bias base composition been proposed drive Stop Tryptophan (Stop-->Trp) recoding....
Significance Mealybugs are plant sap-sucking insects with a nested symbiotic arrangement, where one bacterium lives inside another bacterium, which together live insect cells. These two bacteria, along genes transferred from other bacteria to the genome, allow survive on its nutrient-poor diet. Here, we show that innermost in this symbiosis was replaced several times over evolutionary history. results highly integrated and interdependent systems can experience symbiont replacement suggest...
Significance Cicadas are dependent on the essential bacterial symbionts Sulcia and Hodgkinia . The symbiont genomes extremely streamlined for provisioning of amino acids other nutrients. In some cicada lineages, fragmented into numerous minicircles, which may represent a critical stage genomic erosion close to collapse. What would happen subsequently? Our survey Japanese diversity revealed that while is conserved among all species, majority them have lost instead harbor yeast-like fungal...
Abstract Prokaryotic genomes are usually densely packed with intact and functional genes. However, in certain contexts, such as after recent ecological shifts or extreme population bottlenecks, broken nonfunctional gene fragments can quickly accumulate form a substantial fraction of the genome. Identification these genes, called pseudogenes, is critical step for understanding evolutionary forces acting upon, potential encoded within, prokaryotic genomes. Here, we present Pseudofinder, an...
While the bulk of finished microbial genomes sequenced to date are derived from cultured bacterial and archaeal representatives, vast majority microorganisms elude current culturing attempts, severely limiting ability recover complete or even partial these environmental species. Single cell genomics is a novel culture-independent approach, which enables access genetic material an individual cell. No single genome has our knowledge been closed date. Here we report completed uncultured...
Genome reduction is typical of obligate symbionts. In cellular organelles, this partly reflects transfer ancestral bacterial genes to the host genome, but little known about gene in other symbioses. Aphids harbor anciently acquired mutualists, Buchnera aphidicola (Gammaproteobacteria), which have highly reduced genomes (420–650 kb), raising possibility from aphid genome. addition, aphids often bacteria that also are potential sources transferred genes. Previous limited sampling expressed...
Comparative genomics from mitochondria, plastids, and mutualistic endosymbiotic bacteria has shown that the stable establishment of a bacterium in host cell results genome reduction. Although many highly reduced genomes are gene content structure, organelle sometimes characterized by dramatic structural diversity. Previous Candidatus Hodgkinia cicadicola, an endosymbiont cicadas, revealed some lineages this had split into two new cytologically distinct yet genetically interdependent species....
The location of translational initiation factor IF3 bound to the 30S subunit Thermus thermophilus ribosome has been determined by cryoelectron microscopy. Both 30S⋅IF3 complex and control structures were 27-Å resolution. difference map calculated from two reconstructions reveals three prominent lobes positive density. previously solved crystal structure fits very well into these lobes, whereas third lobe probably arises conformational changes induced in as a result binding. Our placement on...