<h3>Importance</h3> Identifying modifiable risk factors that are associated with dementia burden across racial and ethnic groups in the population can yield insights into potential effectiveness of interventions preventing reducing disparities. <h3>Objective</h3> To calculate attributable fraction (PAF) 12 established for all US adults, as well separately by race ethnicity. <h3>Design, Setting, Participants</h3> This cross-sectional study used survey data from nationally representative...

Objectives: To describe the investigation and management of an outbreak due to multiresistant Acinetobacter baumannii determine risk factors for acquisition organism. Setting: A 14-bed regional burn unit in a Canadian tertiary-care teaching hospital. Design: Case-control study with multivariate analysis potential using logistic regression analysis. Surveillance cultures were obtained from hospital environment, noninfected patients, healthcare providers. Results: total 31 (13%) 247 patients...

Spinal cord lipomas are rare lesions, accounting for approximately 1% of all spinal tumors. True intramedullary extremely and represented in the literature as scattered, single case reports. The authors present a series six patients with managed at our institution from July, 1985 to 1993. patients' ages ranged 8 45 years. Four presented newly diagnosed tumors two had undergone previous surgery. Patients usually long histories disability followed by rapid progression their symptoms. Most were...

Neurofibromatosis (NF) describes the most commonly inherited disorders affecting nervous system. These autosomal dominant, neurocutaneous syndromes are associated with multiple tumors of system, including neurofibromas, schwannomas, meningiomas, and intracranial gliomas. Spinal cord involvement in NF is typically from extramedullary growth spinal nerve root tumors. Intramedullary have been reported as scattered, single cases literature. However, this association has not clearly defined other...

WE HAVE IMPROVED upon a brain stem mapping technique that can be used to locate cranial motor nuclei on the floor of fourth ventricle. This helped intraoperatively facial colliculus and nerves IX/X XII in 14 patients undergoing removal tumors. The these are usually located relative specific anatomic landmarks ventricular floor. These were not evident most studied because distorting effects tumor. Different points ventricle electrically stimulated while electromyographic responses recorded...

The Flint, Michigan water crisis renewed concern about lead toxicity in drinking water. While has been shown to negatively affect cognition among children, much less is known its long-term consequences for late-life cognition. Using a nationally representative sample of U.S. older adults linked historical administrative data from 1940, we find that who lived as children cities with pipes and acidic or alkaline water-the conditions required leach into water-had worse cognitive functioning but...

OBJECTIVE: We report a group of nine patients with atypical, nonneoplastic intramedullary spinal cord lesions. By retrospectively reviewing these patients, we hoped to elucidate characteristics that would identify as harboring lesions before surgical intervention. METHODS: reviewed the histological findings 212 undergoing surgery for tumors between 1989 and 1994. identified (4%); case histories radiographs were reviewed. RESULTS: All evaluated preoperatively using magnetic resonance imaging....

MRI‐guided thermal ablation is a relatively new technique utilising heat to ablate both tumours and epileptogenic lesions. Its use against epilepsy offers some patients safe way of reducing or aborting seizures. Most cases have been performed in with isolated Placement depth electrodes prior laser has rarely performed. We present case bilateral independent lesions traversing eloquent cortex, which, after sampling for seizures successful ablation, retained normal function. The patient is,...

An estimated 80% of terrestrial carbon is stored below-ground but a large proportion our soils are depleted. There broadly two ways to increase organic below-ground, either protect and expand carbon-rich ecosystems or manage enhance sequestration. Identifying understanding the key drivers losses essential design ecosystem management. However, processes which drive multifactorial can vary between locations. We present two-year study four contrasting situated in proximity. Our focal were (a)...

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Objective. We discuss the clinical aspects, pathology, and molecular genetics of 7 patients with primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) arising in brainstem that were treated at our institution from 1986 through 1995. Most neuro-oncologists avoid performing biopsies children pontine tumors. This article raises question as to whether should be performed, because treatment recommendations might differ if a PNET was diagnosed rather than glioma. Patients Methods. reviewed neuro-oncology...

Abstract Background Roflumilast is a highly potent phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor under investigation as non-steroidal, once-daily cream for atopic dermatitis (AD). Methods INTEGUMENT-PED (NCT04845620) was Phase 3 parallel-group, double-blind, vehicle-controlled trial. Children aged 2 to 5 years with mild moderate AD were treated roflumilast 0.05% (n=437) or vehicle (n=215) weeks. The primary efficacy endpoint validated Investigator Global Assessment-Atopic Dermatitis (vIGA-AD) Success...

The use of external skull fixation devices (skull clamps) is a common practice in neurosurgey. insertion pins into the usually routine and uneventful adult patients. However, safety clamp children not reported. We have examined our complications over past 6 years, encountered 5 with depressed fractures secondary to application device. There were 3 boys 2 girls ages ranging from 8 years (mean 5.8 years). Two patients had brainstem gliomas, hypothalamic gliomas 1 patient medulloblastoma. Four...

Response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) of rectal cancer is variable. Accurate imaging for prediction and early assessment response would enable appropriate stratification management reduce treatment morbidity improve therapeutic outcomes. Use either diffusion weighted (DWI) or dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) alone currently lacks sufficient sensitivity specificity clinical use guide individualized in cancer. Multi-parametric MRI analysis combining DWI DCE may have potential the...

Three men and 2 women with ages ranging from 37 to 70 years, clinically histologically confirmed solitary, palpable metastatic cancers the thyroid (SMCT) preoperative cytologic investigation of their lesions by fine-needle aspiration (FNA), were reviewed. Four patients known have a solid cancer treated radical surgery 1 4 years prior [1 bronchogenic squamous cell carcinoma, parotid adenoid cystic renal carcinoma (RCC) cutaneous melanoma], patient had no past history cancer. Direct smears...

Spinal cord tumors in pediatric patients are rare, representing less than 1% of all central nervous system tumors. Two cases primary intramedullary spinal glioblastoma at ages 14 and 8 years reported. Both presented with rapid onset paraparesis quadraparesis. Magnetic resonance imaging both showed heterogeneously enhancing solitary mass lesions localized to lower cervical upper thoracic parenchyma. Histopathologic diagnosis was glioblastoma. Case #1 had a small cell component (primitive...