Abstract In spite of several published studies we have an incomplete understanding the ion‐release mechanisms and characteristics polymer‐coated fertilizers (PCF). Here extend current conceptual models describing release describe critical effects substrate moisture temperature on macro‐ micronutrient three PCF types: Polyon®, Nutricote®, Osmocote®. Nutrient was quantified at weekly intervals for up to 300 d from 5°C 40°C in water chemically inert sand, substrates that allowed quantification...

Abstract The US Pacific Northwest is a major wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) production region with widely ranging water availability across its dryland and irrigated cropping systems. There have been no evaluations of variation, plasticity, adaptation, performance yield due to variety—collectively or individually—that consider the entire environmental gradient region, useful for gap analysis, informing breeding, other applications. Our objectives were provide these using large variety trial...

Guar is a legume cultivated for its high seed galactomannan content. India the major guar producer globally and U.S. has largest market worldwide. drought-tolerant suitable as summer rotational crop in dryland farming systems. Studies have shown correlations between carbon δ13 isotope (C13) discrimination water-use efficiency other crops. The objective of this study was to assess variation among 30 accessions. Accessions were grown under greenhouse conditions 3.79 L pots, including...

Abstract There is a lack of studies that have investigated grain yield, its components and photosynthesis in late stages wheat growth, giving us insufficient understanding how these factors interact to contribute yield during this period. As result, three field experiments were carried out examining 20 winter genotypes diverse origins under irrigated, terminal drought dryland conditions the southern Idaho. Our objective was evaluate interaction between post‐anthesis physiological traits,...

Canopy temperature in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and other crops is related to crop soil water status. Multiple approaches have been used measure canopy temperature, depending on the application of data available technology. Recent technological advances made it possible map using thermal cameras onboard unmanned aerial systems (UAS) at fine spatiotemporal resolution. Using a highly accurate UAS-mounted infrared camera, objective this study was determine relationships in-season with seed...

Abstract Determination of barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) nutrient uptake in residue biomass is important for agronomic, economic, and environmental decisions. Improved understanding grain yield, biomass, uptake, their relationships are needed. Research determined these factors 2018 2019 from trials four classes (spring animal feed, human food, malt, as well winter malt), using three common cultivars each, at five locations southern Idaho. Production environment created the largest difference...

Nitrogen (N) deficiency promotes lipid accumulation in many oleaginous algae, but we have a poor understanding of the associations between initiation and algal N retention partitioning. Here, report on total cell N, five bulk pools (protein, free amino acids, DNA, RNA, chl), lipids from saturation to growth cessation three species. While maximum level uptake differed among species, ratio minimum retained at was consistent species 0.5 ± 0.04. This suggests that cellular associated with common...

Abstract Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is a key ecosystem service rendered by legumes, but quantitative information lacking regarding BNF in the Texas Rolling Plains (TRP), an easterly portion of U.S. Southern Great where cool‐season legumes can typically be grown as cash or cover crops dryland conditions. Using three diverse cropping systems studies (Site 1, long‐term cotton [ Gossypium hirsutum L.]‐cover crop systems; Site 2, short‐term cotton‐cover and 3, transitional organic wheat...

Wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.) producers have the choice to retain or remove residue from cropping system following grain harvest. In U.S. Pacific Northwest and other regions, wheat is often sold increase operational profitability, especially higher-yielding systems. But there are several benefits retaining residue, including recycling of mineral nutrients contained therein, though this understudied. Therefore, primary objectives research were collect analyze a large diverse dataset on...

Abstract Guar [ Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.], also known as clusterbean, is a crop plant grown in semi‐arid regions worldwide for the galactomannan gum of its seed, and forage, vegetable, green manure. Despite importance guar products, uniform growth stage descriptions have not been established crop. Such allow improved documentation communication phenological development crops by researchers, producers, others. Following models other warm‐season, indeterminant‐growth legumes, such...

Ceramic aggregates (Turface® and Profile®) are common soilless media components, but their sorption/desorption chemistry is poorly understood. We investigated: labile (readily desorb-able or readily plant-available) ion concentrations; the effect of rinsing soaking pretreatments on ions; sorption applied nutrients; nutrient uptake from by plants. Variability in ions was extremely high among bags aggregates. Manganese, boron, magnesium, calcium, sulfur potassium were most likely to desorb...

The chemical synthesis of swainsonine [(1S,2R,8R,8 alpha R)-trihydroxyindolizidine] from trans-1,4-dichloro-2-butene was previously described [Adams, C. E., Walker, F. J., & Sharpless, K. B. (1985) J. Org. Chem. 50, 420-424]. A modification that provided two other isomers, referred to here as "Glc-swainsonine" [(1S,2S,8R,8 and "Ido-swainsonine" [(1S,2S,8S,8 R)-trihydroxyindolizidine]. To determine whether these new compounds had biological activity, they were compared inhibitors a number...