Abstract. Computer models, especially conceptual are frequently used for catchment hydrology studies. Teaching hydrological modeling, however, is challenging, since students have to both understand general model concepts and be able use particular computer programs when learning apply models. Here we present a new version of the HBV (Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenavdelning) model. This software provides user-friendly that useful education. Different functionalities, such as an automatic...

Goodness-of-fit measures are important for an objective evaluation of runoff model performance. The Kling-Gupta efficiency (RKG), which has been introduced as improvement the widely used Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency, considers different types errors, namely error in mean, variability, and dynamics. calculation RKG is implicitly based on assumptions data linearity, normality, absence outliers. In this study, we propose a modification measure comprising non-parametric components, i.e. Spearman...

Abstract. A decade-long (2010–2020) period with precipitation deficits in central–south Chile (30–41∘ S), the so-called megadrought (MD), has led to streamflow depletions of larger amplitude than expected from anomalies, indicating an intensification drought propagation. We analysed catchment characteristics and runoff mechanisms modulating such by using CAMELS-CL dataset simulations HBV hydrological model. compared annual precipitation–runoff (P–R) relationships before during MD across 106...

Abstract A comparison is made between the current flood risk management policy in Netherlands, which a resistance strategy aimed at prevention of flooding along lower Rhine River by raising dikes, and two alternative resilience strategies that aim minimising consequences these floods, but same time allow some flooding. The rely on detention compartments discharge via "green rivers". These were evaluated their financial impacts (costs damage) economy, ecology landscape, as well flexibility....

Abstract The assessment of snow, glacier, and rainfall runoff contribution to discharge in mountain streams is major importance for an adequate water resource management. Such contributions can be estimated via hydrological models, provided that the modeling adequately accounts snow glacier melt, as well runoff. We present a multiple data set calibration approach estimate composition using models with three levels complexity. For this purpose, code conceptual model HBV‐light was enhanced...

Abstract. Flowing stream networks dynamically extend and retract, both seasonally in response to precipitation events. These network dynamics can dramatically alter the drainage density thus length of subsurface flow pathways flowing streams. We mapped a small Swiss headwater catchment during different wetness conditions estimated their effects on distribution travel times outlet. For each point catchment, we determined transport distance based surface topography along combined distributions...

Abstract. Snow processes are a key component of the water cycle in mountainous areas as well many mid and high latitudes Earth. The complexity these processes, coupled with limited data available on them, has led to development different modelling approaches aimed at improving our understanding supporting decision-making management practices. Physically based approaches, such energy balance method, provide best representation snow but limitations availability situations constrain their...

Abstract Model parameter values for ungauged catchments can be regionalized from hydrologically similar gauged catchments. Achieving reliable and robust predictions in by regionalization, however, is still a major challenge. Here, we conduct comparative assessment of 19 regionalization approaches based on previously published literature to contribute new insights into their performance different geographic regions. The use geographical information, physical catchment attributes, hydrological...

Abstract. Glaciers play an important role in high-mountain hydrology. While changing glacier areas are considered of highest importance for the understanding future changes runoff, glaciers often only poorly represented hydrological models. Most importantly, direct coupling between simulated mass balances and needs feasible solutions. The use a complex model is not possible due to data computational limitations. Δh parameterization simple approach consider spatial variation thickness area...

Quantification of streamflow characteristics in ungauged catchments remains a challenge. Hydrological modeling is often used to derive flow time series and calculate for subsequent applications that may differ from those envisioned by the modelers. While estimation model parameters challenging research task itself, it important evaluate whether simulated preserve critical aspects hydrograph. To address this question, seven calibration objective functions were evaluated their ability...

Discharge data used to calibrate and evaluate hydrological models can be highly uncertain this uncertainty affects the conclusions that we draw from modelling results. We investigated role of discharge its representation in model calibration give recommendations on methods account for uncertainty. tested five different representations calibrating HBV-model three Swiss catchments, ranging using no information full empirical probability distributions each time step. developed a new objective...

Predation risk from lions (Panthera leo) has been linked to habitat characteristics and availability traits of prey. We separated the effects vegetation density presence drinking water by analyzing locations lion kills in relation rivers with dense vegetation, which offer good stalking opportunities, artificial points low density. The spatial distribution was studied at Klaserie Private Nature Reserve, South Africa. distance between 215 nearest source analyzed using generalized linear...

Abstract. Computer models, and especially conceptual are frequently used for catchment hydrology studies. Teaching hydrological modeling, however, is challenging as students, when learning to apply computer have both understand general model concepts be able use particular programs. Here we present a new version of the HBV model. This software provides user-friendly which useful education. Different functionalities like an automatic calibration using genetic algorithm or Monte Carlo approach...

Abstract. Citizen science can provide spatially distributed data over large areas, including hydrological data. Stream levels are easier to measure than streamflow and likely also observed more easily by citizen scientists streamflow. However, the challenge with crowd based stream level is that observations taken at irregular time intervals a limited vertical resolution. The latter especially case sites where no staff gauge available relative on (in)visible features in stream, such as rocks....

Abstract. Ecologically relevant streamflow characteristics (SFCs) of ungauged catchments are often estimated from simulated runoff hydrologic models that were originally calibrated on gauged catchments. However, SFC estimates the donor and subsequently can be substantially uncertain when using traditional approaches based optimization statistical performance metrics (e.g., Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency). An improved calibration strategy for is therefore crucial to help reduce uncertainties...

Abstract. Glaciers are essential hydrological reservoirs, storing and releasing water at various timescales. Short-term variability in glacier melt is one of the causes streamflow droughts, here defined as deficiencies from flow regime. Streamflow droughts glacierised catchments have a wide range interlinked causing factors related to precipitation temperature on short long Climate change affects storage capacity, with resulting consequences for discharge regimes drought. Future projections...

Large-sample hydrological datasets and increasing computational power allow us to conduct modelling studies that were previously impossible. For example, it is now possible test how different model structures affect the simulated streamflow dynamics performance for a variety of catchments instead only handful (but well-known) catchments. While this excellent progress, modeller generally does not understand physical processes nor reliability data hundreds as well limited number catchments.The...

Failures are only common in science, and hydrological modelling is no exception. However, we modellers usually do not like to talk about our mistakes or overly optimistic expectations and, thus, “negative” results get published. While there examples where model failures indicated issues with the observational data, this presentation focus on studies, some more (realistic) thinking could have helped avoid disappointments. Examples include unnecessary comparison of...

When applying a hydrological model, the length of calibration period is typically based on available hydroclimatic data series. Usually, half are used for model and other validation, but splits (e.g., three quarters one quarter) possible as well. record short, all may be calibration. The general idea that longer will include wider range conditions flood events) thus lead to more robust model. However, does not always have better. There reasons using (too) long period. First, necessary if...

To calculate annual values for the water balance, year (or hydrological year) is usually used instead of calendar year. This done to avoid that precipitation from one influences runoff in following In snow-dominated catchments northern hemisphere, example, such a carryover would occur regularly if were aggregate data. ensure snow melts which it fell, calculations are based on years start early fall (e.g., October 1 or November 1). other climates, different used, e.g., does not middle monsoon...