OBJECTIVES. In this study we tested the ability of mass media interventions to enhance efficacy school cigarette smoking prevention programs. METHODS. For 4 years, students in one pair communities received and programs that had common educational objectives. Students a matched only The combined cohort 5458 was surveyed at baseline grades 4, 5, 6 followed up annually for years. RESULTS. Significant reductions reported smoking, along with consistent effects on targeted mediating variables,...

The long-term cigarette smoking prevention effects of mass media and school interventions were assessed. Adolescents in two communities received both interventions; those matching only interventions. Surveys 5458 students conducted at baseline grades 4 through 6 2 years after the 4-year completed, when 10 12. Students exposed to media-plus-school found be lower risk for weekly (odds ratio = 0.62, 95% confidence interval 0.49, 0.78) than receiving only, indicating that combined persisted...

This is the third edition of a much regarded volume, but adds shift in focus towards textbook style. Divided into four sections, historical context EU environmental policy firstly exa...

The cancer family history can be used to stratify risk and guide management regarding screening prevention of cancer.The current study was designed gain understanding specific barriers obtaining using the for primary care physician.Interviews were conducted with structured samples specialists in medicine, general internal medicine gynaecology three settings two north-eastern states. A medical anthropologist interviews based on a topical outline; transcripts systematically analyzed by...

OBJECTIVE: To examine costs and cost-effectiveness ratios of a four-year mass media programme previously shown to prevent the onset smoking among adolescents. DESIGN: A matched control design. SETTING: Two cities in Montana, one New York Vermont, USA. SUBJECTS: Students grades 10-12 (ages 15-18). INTERVENTION: campaign smoking. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cost per student potentially exposed campaign; cost smoker averted; life-year gained. estimates were also made for similar that would be...

Progress in reducing youth smoking may depend on developing improved methods to communicate with higher risk youth. This study explored the potential of prevention messages based Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) address these needs. Structured evaluations 12 three strategies derived from ELM were conducted classroom settings among a diverse sample non-smoking middle school students states (n = 1771). Students categorized as likely have involvement decision initiate cigarette reported...

Abstract This paper offers a critical interpretation of the EU’s recent Maritime Security Strategy (MSS) 2014, making distinctions between hard and soft conceptions maritime security. The theoretical approach employed invokes ‘EU as neo-medieval empire’ (Bull 1977: 254-255; Rennger 2006; Zielonka 2006). By this account, main objectives EU strategy are stability encouragement globalised trade flows to be achieved using classic instruments ‘soft security’. While replete with great...

This intervention was implemented to reduce the prevalence of cigarette smoking among women.We used community organization approaches create coalitions and task forces develop implement a multicomponent in 2 counties Vermont New Hampshire, with special focus on providing support help women quit smoking. Evaluation by pre-intervention post-intervention random-digit-dialed telephone surveys matched comparison counties.In counties, compared odds woman being smoker after 4 years program...

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Risk stratification based on family history is a feature of screening guidelines for number cancers and referral genetic counseling/testing cancer risk. <b><i>Aims:</i></b> Our aim was to describe primary care physician perceptions their role in managing risk history. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Structured interviews were conducted by medical anthropologist with physicians 3 settings 2 north-eastern...

Development of community ownership is often identified as an important intermediate objective health education programs. Community assumed to be program effectiveness and long-term maintenance, but validated measures this construct have not been available test proposition. A measure leaders' perceived programs was developed tested. The Ownership Scale key functions within a asked leaders rate the amount control themselves, external sponsoring agency local staff had in each area. tested with...

Innovation in Environmental Policy? Integrating the Environment for Sustainability Andrew J. Jordan & Andrea Lenschow (Eds) Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK, 2010. 356 pp., £85.00 (hardcover), £25.00 (...

Subsea infrastructure is typically out of sight, but in recent times, seldom mind. The sabotage the Nord Stream pipelines October 2022 has magnified vulnerability and critical importance subsea infrastructure. It also exposed a lack understanding on how networks operate, they are regulated, who controls them protected. Ireland matters this context. Despite its official policy neutrality, occupies an important strategic position terms transatlantic telecommunications cables between United...

A community education program was designed to train the individual drinker self-regulate his or her blood-alcohol concentration (BAC) below a level of impairment (.05 g/dl 11 mmol/L). Drink calculators (cardboard wheels and wallet cards) were disseminated customers bars licensed beverage outlets; bartenders counter clerks trained demonstrate use demonstrations presented in television spots. Program components evaluated three matched Vermont communities, one receiving full program, TV spots...

Abstract We have surveyed the health promotion efforts of dentists and dental hygienists in general practice Chittenden County, Vermont, relation to smoking. The response rate was 61 percent. Smoking issues were addressed by 76 percent 81 approximately one quarter their smoking patients. Although majority both advised patients change behavior, advice usually cut down rather than quit. Most respondents—78 93 hygienists—considered it appropriate give about during visits for routine care 68 89...

This paper discusses the appropriate role for local governments in relation to EU environmental policy. The discussion is framed through a critical examination of principle subsidiarity. Firstly due way member states have defined there danger inconsistency its application. Secondly, across Europe mixed evidence suggest cope well with having do more Indeed sensible balance between local, regional, national and level seems at risk being undermined if subsidiarity taken too far. argues that...

Objective: To estimate the cost effectiveness of a four year, multifaceted, community based research project shown previously to help women quit smoking. Design: A quasi-experimental matched control design. Setting: Two counties in Vermont and two New Hampshire, USA. Subjects: Women aged 18–64 years. Methods: Costs were grant related expenditures converted 2002 US$. Survey results at end intervention used numbers never smokers, former light heavy smokers comparison counties, 1986 life tables...