Risk prediction models for breast cancer can be improved by the addition of recently identified risk factors, including density and use hormone therapy. We used prospective information to predict a diagnosis in cohort 1 million women undergoing screening mammography.There were 2,392,998 eligible mammograms from without previously diagnosed who had prior mammogram preceding 5 years. Within year mammogram, 11,638 with cancer. Separate logistic regression constructed premenopausal...

Injuries to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) of knee are immediately debilitating and can cause long-term consequences, including early onset osteoarthritis. It is important have a comprehensive understanding all possible risk factors for ACL injury identify individuals who at future injuries provide an appropriate level counseling programs prevention.This review, part 1 2-part series, highlights what known still unknown regarding anatomic neuromuscular from current peer-reviewed...

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are disabling and associated with the early onset of posttraumatic osteoarthritis. Little is known regarding incidence rate first-time noncontact ACL sustained during athletic events how they independently influenced by level competition, type sport, participant's sex.Level competition (college or high school), sport (soccer, basketball, lacrosse, field hockey, football, rugby, volleyball), athlete's sex influence injuries.Cohort study; Level...

Abstract Over two million individuals suffer ankle ligament trauma each year in the United States, more than half of these injuries are severe sprains; however, very little is known about factors that predispose to injuries. The purpose this study was determine risk associated with injury. We performed a prospective 118 Division I collegiate athletes who participated soccer, lacrosse, or field hockey. Prior start athletic season, potential injury were measured, subjects monitored during and...

The accuracy of a new diagnostic test is often determined by comparison with reference which also has unknown error rates. Maximum likelihood estimation the rates both tests possible if they are simultaneously applied to two populations different disease prevalences. procedure assumes that independent, conditional on subject's true status. If conditionally dependent, for can be substantially underestimated. Estimators prevalence in positively or negatively biased, depending relative...

BackgroundWhether a change over time in clinically measured mammographic breast density influences cancer risk is unknown.

Purpose We determined whether the association between breast density and cancer risk severity differs according to menopausal status postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT) use. Methods collected data on 587,369 women who underwent 1,349,027 screening mammography examinations; 14,090 were diagnosed with cancer. calculated 5-year from a survival model for subgroups of classified by their Breast Imaging Reporting Data System (BIRADS) density, age, status, current HT use, assuming body mass index...

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are immediately disabling, costly, take a significant amount of time to rehabilitate, and associated with an increased risk developing posttraumatic osteoarthritis the knee. Specific multiplanar movement patterns lower extremity, such as those drop vertical jump (DVJ) test, have been shown be suffering noncontact ACL injuries. The Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) has developed tool that can applied identify individuals who display...

Background Female athletes suffer a greater incidence of anterior cruciate ligament tears compared with male when participating in common sports; however, very little is known about the factors that explain this disparity. Study Design Case-control study; Level evidence, 3. Methods recreational alpine skiers an rupture and age-matched control provided serum sample self-reported menstrual history data immediately after injury. Both concentrations progesterone were then used to group subjects...

Several in vitro studies suggest the involvement of active oxygen metabolites cell damage caused by asbestos. To determine if lung injury, inflammation, and asbestosis could be inhibited vivo a rapid-onset, inhalation model disease, novel method chronic administration antioxidant enzymes was developed. In brief, Fischer 344 rats were treated with polyethylene glycol-conjugated (PEG-) superoxide dismutase or catalase osmotic pumps over 10-day (5 days/wk for 2 wk) 20-day period exposure to...

Background: There is an emerging consensus that increased posterior-inferior directed slope of the subchondral bone portion tibial plateau associated with risk suffering anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury; however, most what known about this relationship has come from unmatched case-control studies. These observations need to be confirmed in more rigorously designed investigations. Hypothesis: Increased medial and lateral plateaus are a noncontact ACL injury. Study Design: Case-control...

Women with elevated mammographic density have an increased risk of developing breast cancer. However, among women diagnosed cancer, it is unclear whether higher portends reduced survival, independent other factors.We evaluated relationships between and death from cancer all causes within the US Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium. We studied 9232 primary invasive carcinoma during 1996-2005, a mean follow-up 6.6 years. Mammographic was assessed using Imaging Reporting Data System (BI-RADS)...

Knee joint geometry has been associated with risk of suffering an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury; however, few studies have utilized multivariate analysis to investigate how different aspects knee combine influence ACL injury risk.Combinations measurements are more highly the a noncontact than individual measurements, and most predictive combinations for males females.Case-control study; Level evidence, 3.A total 88 first-time, noncontact, grade III ACL-injured subjects uninjured...

Context: Injuries to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) are immediately disabling and associated with long-term consequences, such as posttraumatic osteoarthritis. It is important have a comprehensive understanding of all possible risk factors for ACL injury identify individuals who at future injuries provide an appropriate level counseling programs prevention. Objective: This review, part 2 2-part series, highlights what known still unknown regarding hormonal, genetic, cognitive function,...

Background: The morphometric characteristics of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and femoral intercondylar notch within which it resides have been implicated as risk factors for injuries to this important stabilizer knee. Prior research has produced equivocal results with differing methodologies, consequently, is unclear how these affect injury in male female patients. Hypothesis: ACL are individually independently associated suffering a noncontact injury, relationships different Study...

Antioxidant Enzymes in Lungstudy was conducted to determine if inhalation of cristobalite, a crystalline silicon dioxide particle (defined as <3:1 length diameter ratio) or crocidolite, an amphibole asbestos fiber (>3:1 ratio), induced changes steady-state mRNA levels, immunoreactive protein, and activities certain AOE (MnSOD, copper zinc-SOD [CuZnSOD], glutathione peroxidase, catalase) lung.Furthermore, we were interested whether profiles would correlate with patterns inflammation,...

Abstract Mammographic breast density is a major risk factor for cancer but estimates of the relative associated with differing patterns have varied widely. It also unclear how menopausal status influences this association and to what extent effects are due its correlation other factors. Most recent investigations been case-control studies, which provide indirect risk. We prospectively followed 61,844 women an average 3.1 years directly estimate among in four mammographic categories defined...

Abstract Airways display robust NF-κB activation and represent targets for anti-inflammatory asthma therapies, but the functional importance of in airway epithelium remains enigmatic. Therefore, transgenic mice were created which is repressed specifically airways (CC10-IκBαSR mice). In response to inhaled Ag, demonstrated significantly ameliorated inflammation, reduced levels chemokines, T cell cytokines, mucus metaplasia, circulating IgE compared with littermate controls. Despite these...

Inversion ankle trauma is disabling, yet little known regarding the incidence rate of first-time sprains and how it influenced by factors including sex, level competition, sport.The rates ligament are competition (high school vs college), type sports participation (basketball, soccer, lacrosse, field hockey).Cohort study; Level evidence, 2.Between 1999 2003, high college athletes were evaluated before in their sports. Subjects included study if they had not experienced a prior or lower...

The relationship between alcohol use and injury severity was investigated in trauma patients admitted to a tertiary referral hospital during 23-month period. Admission blood levels (BALs) were obtained on 427 patients, who stratified into three groups: those with no measurable alcohol, within the legal limit of 100 mg/dL, over or intoxicated. no-alcohol group had significantly lower than other two groups (p less 0.001). Even when BAL well limit, injuries suffered by alcohol-positive more...

Background: Multivariate analysis that identifies the combination of risk factors associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) trauma is important because it provides insight into whether a variable has direct causal effect on or an indirect mediated by other variables. It can also reveal might not be evident in univariate analyses; if variable’s moderated variables, its association may apparent only after adjustment for Most important, multivariate analyses identify combinations are...

Abstract: Using data from the Vermont Breast Cancer Surveillance System (VBCSS), we studied reproducibility of Imaging Reporting and Data (BI-RADS) breast density among community radiologists interpreting mammograms in a cohort 11,755 postmenopausal women. Radiologists two or more film-screen screening bilateral diagnostic for same woman within 3- to 24-month period during 1996–2006 were eligible. We observed moderate-to-substantial overall intra-rater agreement use BI-RADS clinical...