Grasslands in warm‐climate regions are often based on grass monocultures, increasing their dependence N fertilizers. Integrating perennial legumes into pastures is a logical option. The objective of this 2‐yr study was to assess seven rhizoma peanut ( Arachis glabrata Benth) cultivars: Arbrook, Arblick, Ecoturf, Florigraze, Latitude 34, UF Peace, and Tito. Above‐ belowground responses included biomass, vitro organic matter disappearance (IVOMD), concentration, content, δ 15 N, proportion...

Temperate grasslands can be highly productive. However, those that are productive generally heavily dependent on high inputs of nitrogen (N) fertilizer. Including legumes such as white clover (Trifolium repens L.) in the sward reduce reliance N Recent investigations have evaluated potential multispecies swards, which defined agronomically improved include multiple plant functional groups, e.g., grasses, legumes, and forage forbs. Several benefits challenges swards summarized this review. To...

Abstract The use of indigestible markers continues to be among the best tools available for estimating dry matter intake (DMI) in situations where individual animal feeding cannot feasibly measured. constant handling required dosing and subsequent fecal sample collection are often limiting, especially when grazing or facilities not accessible. Identifying strategies more efficient labor while sacrificing accuracy DMI estimates important further application these techniques. objectives this...

Abstract Incorporating forage legumes into grass swards has the potential to enhance sustainability of pasture systems and reduce reliance on nitrogen fertilizers. The aim this study was assess on‐farm performance bahiagrass (BG; Paspalum notatum Flüggé)–rhizoma peanut (RP; Arachis glabrata Benth.) mixtures compared BG monocultures in three diverse environments across Florida. Three treatments were employed at all locations: monoculture (Bh), + Ecoturf RP (Eco), Florigraze (Flo)....

Abstract The study evaluated forage and livestock performance in different grazing systems over two years. Treatments were three contrasting systems: (I) N-fertilized bahiagrass ( Paspalum notatum Flüggé) the summer overseeded during winter by ryegrass Lolium multiflorum ) oat Avena sativa L.) (Grass + N); (II) unfertilized with a blend of clovers Trifolium spp.) Clover); (III) rhizoma peanut (RP; Arachis glabrata Benth.) mixture summer, Clover RP). Average daily gain (ADG), per area (GPA),...

Abstract Plant litter deposition and decomposition play important roles in grassland nutrient cycling. The objective was to evaluate plant responses estimate the N returns via contrasting grazing systems, since legume inclusion is hypothesized result similar quantities of return compared with N‐fertilized grass systems. Systems were (a) bahiagrass ( Paspalum notatum Flüggé) during summer a mixture cereal rye Secale cereale L.) oat Avena sativa winter (Grass+N); (b) (no fertilizer)...

Abstract Nutrient cycling via livestock excreta is an important grassland ecosystem service. This study was conducted in 2016 and 2017 determined nutrient excretion from cattle grazing three systems: (a) N‐fertilized bahiagrass ( Paspalum notatum Flüggé) overseeded with rye Secale cereale L.) oat Avena sativa during winter (Grass+N), (b) unfertilized rye–oat–clover Trifolium sp.) mixture (Grass+clover), (c) rhizoma peanut Arachis glabrata Benth.)–bahiagrass a (Grass+CL+RP). Urinary volume...

Abstract Replacing N fertilizer with forage legumes may increase sustainability of grazing systems. The objectives were to evaluate herbage and animal responses quantify the water footprint associated beef production in N‐fertilized grass or grass–legume systems during 4 yr under continuous stocking. three year‐round were: Grass+N which included bahiagrass ( Paspalum notatum Flüggé) summer was overseeded cereal rye Secale cereale L.) oat Avena sativa winter; Grass+Clover without rye, oat, a...

Bahiagrass ( Paspalum notatum Flüggé) and rhizoma peanut (RP, Arachis glabrata Benth.) are widely used in Florida, growing them association may decrease the need for N fertilization. This study evaluated herbage responses of mixed RP–bahiagrass swards comparison with their monocultures. The eight treatments were two bahiagrass entries (‘Argentine’ DF9, receiving 90 kg ha −1 harvest ) RP (Ecoturf Q6B) monoculture combinations each (Argentine–Ecoturf, Argentine–Q6B, DF9–Ecoturf, DF9–Q6B)....

Fertilization of perennial grass pastures is a major expense in beef cattle operations, and may degrade the absence N fertilization. Grass–legume mixtures can reduce demand for fertilizer use while increasing productivity system. Arachis spp. have shown potential association with grasses southeastern United States. During 2014, 2015, 2016, we evaluated one annual peanut species ( hypogaea L. TUFRunner ‘727’) two species, pintoi A. Krap. & W.C. Greg ‘Amarillo’) rhizoma glabrata Benth....

The environmental changes in the Caatinga biome have already resulted it reaching levels of approximately 50% its original vegetation, making third most degraded Brazil, due to inadequate grazing practices that are driven by difficulty monitoring and estimating yield parameters forage plants, especially agroforestry systems (AFS) this biome. This study aimed compare predictive ability different indexes with regard biomass leaf area index crops (bushveld signal grass buffel grass) AFS...

Root‐rhizome mass and chemical composition are important determinants of nutrient cycling soil C accumulation in grasslands. Adding legumes to grass monocultures increases forage nutritive value N animal excreta aboveground plant litter, but the effects mixtures on root‐rhizome have not been studied extensively. This experiment compared belowground responses rhizoma peanut (RP, Arachis glabrata Benth.) bahiagrass ( Paspalum notatum Flüggé) with those their binary mixtures, 3 yr after...

The objectives of this study were to determine the emission nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4), and carbon dioxide (CO2), as well isotopic composition N2O from excreta beef steers fed 'AU Grazer' sericea lespedeza hay [SL; Lespedeza cuneata (Dum. Cours.) G. Don]. Fifteen Brahman × Angus crossbred one three experimental diets: 0, 50, or 100% inclusion SL into 'Tifton 85' bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.). Gas sampling occurred on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 18, 25, 32 after urine feces application static...

ABSTRACT Bahiagrass ( Paspalum notatum Flüggé) is the base of cow‐calf operations in Florida. Nitrogen usually most limiting mineral pasture‐based systems. Various bahiagrass cultivars have been released over years; however, an evaluation their performance under no N fertilization has not reported. There some evidence that can associate with free‐living bacteria and fix atmospheric 2 . This study investigated potential biological fixation (BNF) six (‘Argentine’, ‘AU Sand Mountain’,...

Core Ideas Grass–legume forage systems outperformed grass monocultures. Arachis glabrata had greater potential for N 2 fixation than other peanut species. Grass enhanced its nutritive value and obtained from legumes when grown in mixtures. Bermudagrass hybrids ( Cynodon spp.), such as Tifton 85, are among the most widely used forages hay production southeastern United States, although large fertilizer inputs often required sustained productivity. mixtures can reduce need fertilization. The...

Abstract Nitrogen fertilization is a common practice for sustaining forage production in systems southeastern United States. Warm‐season annual legumes may be an alternative to warm‐season perennial grasses that do not require N fertilization. Sunn hemp ( Crotalaria juncea L.) fast‐growing, legume native India and Pakistan. The objective of this 2‐year study was assess the herbage accumulation (HA), atmospheric 2 fixation (ANF) nutritive value sunn hemp. Treatments were factorial arrangement...

Core Ideas Bahiagrass–rhizoma peanut mixtures resulted in similar whole soil C stocks as N‐fertilized bahiagrass monocultures. had greater total and particulate organic matter than rhizoma Particulate C/N ratio of monocultures were lower bahiagrass–rhizoma mixtures. The use δ 13 to verify changes the caused by plant component was a better predictor 15 N. Soil (POM) represents labile (SOM) fraction is an important source nutrients for microorganisms plants. This study assessed N POM...

Two experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of (1) different levels liquid supplementation (LS) based on molasses enriched with 32% (as fed; 45% DM basis) crude protein (CP) intake Hemarthria altissima hay (LH), digestibility, and rumen fermentation, (2) LS CP in vitro gas production LH diets. In Exp. 1, twelve heifers 12 adult male castrated cannulated cattle used. Treatments allocated a randomized block design, four treatments: (CTL) access ad libitum LH; (SUP2) 0.9 kg d−1;...

Phytogenic additives are organic molecules that also improve ruminal fermentation, turning the supplemented individuals into more productive animals, without damage population welfare. The objective of this study was to evaluate effects mesquite (Prosopis juliflora [Sw.] DC.) extract as phytogenic additive for sheep finished on pasture in Brazilian Northeast semiarid region. Twenty-four intact lambs (Santa Ines × Dorper F1 crossbred) were used, with an initial body weight 23.00 ± 1.83 kg....

Abstract Grazing cover crops can improve land‐use efficiency and diversification, making agricultural enterprises more resilient to market fluctuations. We investigated how grazing intensity affects crop forage responses cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) lint yield. Cover were a rye Secale cereale L.)–oat Avena sativa mixture managed as follows: no + 34 kg N ha –1 (NG34), 90 (NG90), heavy (HG), moderate (MG), light (LG), compared with control. All grazed treatments received . Average...

Roots and rhizomes can play an important role in nutrient cycling, however, few studies have investigated how their decomposition pattern is affected by defoliation time of the year. This 2-year study evaluated root-rhizome composition a warm-season rhizomatous perennial legume [rhizoma peanut (RP; Arachis glabrata Benth.)] under continuous stocking or when defoliated clipping every 56 days. A 168-days incubation trial was performed to determine disappearance biomass N changes acid detergent...

Abstract Bahiagrass ( Paspalum notatum Flüggé) is the most utilized forage in Florida and requires N fertilization to optimize production. Integrating legumes into bahiagrass pastures may reduce fertilizer inputs improve nutritive value. This 2‐yr, 2‐location, on‐farm study established two legumes, alfalfa Medicago sativa L.) or rhizoma peanut (RP; Arachis glabrata Benth.), mixtures with bahiagrass. We compared bahiagrass–legume + 45 kg ha −1 harvest their non‐N fertilized monocultures 90...

Abstract Stable isotopes are useful for estimating livestock diet selection. The objective was to compare δ 13 C and 15 N estimate proportion of 3 –C 4 forages when steers ( Bos spp.) were fed quantities rhizoma peanut Arachis glabrata ; RP; ) bahiagrass Paspalum notatum ).Treatments proportions RP with hay: 100% (0%RP); 25% + 75% (25%RP); 50% (50%RP); (75%RP); (100% RP). Feces, plasma, red blood cell (RBC), hair collected at 8-days intervals, 32 days. Two-pool mixing model utilized...