A5085053142- Food composition and properties
- Plant nutrient uptake and metabolism
- Gut microbiota and health
- Biofuel production and bioconversion
- Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research
- Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance
- Polysaccharides and Plant Cell Walls
- Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Plant Molecular Biology Research
- Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
- Plant and Biological Electrophysiology Studies
- Cassava research and cyanide
- Plant and animal studies
- Enzyme Production and Characterization
- Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation
- Microbial Metabolites in Food Biotechnology
- Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research
- Potato Plant Research
- Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology
- Phytase and its Applications
- Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
ETH Zurich
2017-2025
Abstract Plant chloroplasts store starch during the day, which acts as a source of carbohydrates and energy at night. Starch granule initiation relies on elongation malto-oligosaccharide primers. In Arabidopsis thaliana, PROTEIN TARGETING TO STARCH 2 (PTST2) SYNTHASE 4 (SS4) are essential for selective binding primers, respectively, very few granules initiated in their absence. However, precise origin metabolism primers remain unknown. Potential origins include de novo biosynthesis or...
Bacterial gut commensals experience a biologically and physically complex mucosal environment. While many chemical factors mediate the composition structure of these microbial communities, less is known about role mechanics. Here, we demonstrate that fluid flow impacts spatial organization biofilm communities by shaping how different species interact metabolically. We first model community composed Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron ( Bt ) fragilis Bf ), two representative human commensals, can...
Plastid metabolism is critical in both photoautotrophic and heterotrophic plant cells. In chloroplasts, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA) catalyses the formation of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate sedoheptulose 1,7-bisphosphate within Calvin-Benson cycle. Three Arabidopsis genes, AtFBA1-AtFBA3, encode plastidial isoforms FBA, but contribution each isoform unknown. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that FBA1 FBA2 derive from a recently duplicated gene, while FBA3 more ancient paralog. fba1...
β-Amylases (BAMs) are key enzymes of transitory starch degradation in chloroplasts, a process that buffers the availability photosynthetically fixed carbon over diel cycle to maintain energy levels and plant growth at night. However, during vascular evolution, BAM gene family diversified, giving rise isoforms with different compartmentation biological activities. Here, we characterized BETA-AMYLASE 9 (BAM9) Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Among BAMs, BAM9 is most closely related BAM4 but...
Starch, the most abundant carbohydrate reserve in plants, primarily consists of branched glucan amylopectin, which forms semi-crystalline granules. Phase transition from a soluble to an insoluble form depends on amylopectin architecture, requiring compatible distribution chain lengths and branch-point distribution. Here, we show that two starch-bound proteins, LIKE EARLY STARVATION 1 (LESV) (ESV1), have unusual carbohydrate-binding surfaces, promote phase amylopectin-like glucans, both...
ABSTRACT The human colon hosts hundreds of commensal bacterial species, many which ferment complex dietary carbohydrates. To transform these fibers into metabolically accessible compounds, microbes often express a series dedicated enzymes homologous to the starch utilization system (Sus) encoded in polysaccharide loci (PULs). genome Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron ( Bt ), common member gut microbiota, encodes nearly 100 PULs, conferring strong metabolic versatility. While structures and...
Recurrent damage by lepidopteran folivores triggers repeated leaf-to-leaf electrical signaling. We found that the ability to propagate signals—called slow wave potentials—was unexpectedly robust and was maintained in plants had experienced severe damage. sought genes maintain tissue excitability during group insect attack. When Arabidopsis thaliana P-Type II Ca2+-ATPase mutants were mechanically wounded, all tested displayed signals. However, when auto-inhibited double-mutant aca10 aca12...
Isoamylases hydrolyse (1-6)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in starch and are involved both granule formation degradation. In plants, three isoamylase isoforms with distinct functions synthesis (ISA1 ISA2) degradation (ISA3) have been described. Here, we created transgenic potato plants simultaneously decreased expression of all isoamylases using a chimeric RNAi construct targeting isoforms. Constitutive the hairpin RNA 35S CaMV promoter resulted efficient silencing leaves, growing tubers,...
Abstract Maltose, the major product of starch breakdown in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaves, exits chloroplast via maltose exporter1 MEX1. Consequently, mex1 loss-of-function plants exhibit substantial accumulation, a starch-excess phenotype and specific chlorotic during leaf development. Here, we investigated whether introduction an alternative metabolic route could suppress marked developmental defects typical for mutants. To this end, ectopically expressed chloroplasts functional...
The plant cell wall is a complex network of polysaccharides and proteins that provides strength structural integrity to cells, as well playing vital role in growth, development, defense response. Cell can be broadly grouped into three categories: cellulose, pectins, hemicelluloses. Dynamic interactions between wall-associated contribute regions flexibility rigidity within the wall, allowing for remodeling when necessary during environmental adaptation, or stress response activation. These...
The carbon efficiency of storage lipid biosynthesis from imported sucrose in green Brassicaceae seeds is proposed to be enhanced by the PRK/Rubisco shunt, which ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) acts outside context Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle recycle CO2 molecules released during fatty acid synthesis. This pathway utilizes metabolites generated nonoxidative steps pentose phosphate pathway. Photosynthesis provides energy for reactions such as phosphorylation...
Abstract Bacterial gut commensals experience a biologically and physically complex mucosal environment. While many chemical factors mediate the composition structure of these microbial communities, less is known about role mechanics. Here, we demonstrate that fluid flow impacts spatial organization biofilm communities by shaping how different species interact metabolically. We first model community composed Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron ( Bt ) fragilis Bf ), two representative human...
Abstract The human colon hosts hundreds of commensal bacterial species, many which ferment complex dietary carbohydrates. To transform these fibers into metabolically-accessible compounds, microbes often express series dedicated enzymes homologous to the starch utilization system (sus) encoded in polysaccharide loci (PULs). genome Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (Bt), a common member gut microbiota, encodes nearly 100 PULs, conferring strong metabolic versatility. While structures and functions...