A5072005983- Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Human-Automation Interaction and Safety
- Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks
- Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
- Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Brain Tumor Detection and Classification
- Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
- Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Sleep and related disorders
- Health, Environment, Cognitive Aging
- Diet and metabolism studies
- Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Older Adults Driving Studies
- Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
- Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Machine Learning in Bioinformatics
- Mental Health Research Topics
- Nerve injury and regeneration
Stanford University
2015-2024
Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
2023-2024
Queen's Medical Centre
2024
University of Nottingham
2024
University of California, San Francisco
2024
San Francisco VA Medical Center
2024
Cohort (United Kingdom)
2023
University of Phoenix
2022
VA Palo Alto Health Care System
2006-2021
United States Department of Veterans Affairs
1988-2021
OBJECTIVE: Cross-sectional studies are often used in psychiatric research as a basis of longitudinal inferences about developmental or disease processes. While the limitations such usage acknowledged, these understated. The authors describe how often, and sometimes seriously, misleading. METHOD: Why mislead here demonstrated on an intuitive level, by using simulated data inspired real problems research. >RESULTS: Four factors with major roles relationship between cross-sectional selection...
The objective of this study was to assess the convergent validity a 26-point Telephone Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in longitudinal cohort 46 Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Paired in-person and telephone MMSE observations were collected within 35 days each other. setting Stanford/VA Center Palo Alto, California, patients' residences. 30-point Folstein administered in-person, version MMSE, adapted from Adult Lifestyles Function Interview (ALFI)-MMSE. Total scores for versions...
We report a randomized, double-blind, parallel group, placebo-controlled study to test the effects of acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, donepezil (5 mg/d for 30 days), on aircraft pilot performance in 18 licensed pilots with mean age 52 years. After days treatment, group showed greater ability retain capacity perform set complex simulator tasks than placebo <i>p</i> < 0.05. Donepezil appears have beneficial retention training aviation nondemented older adults.
Change in memory performance and its correspondence to change speed of self-reported functioning were investigated longitudinally 30 older adults with complaints. Subjects assessed by self-report questionnaires cognitive tests 3 times, at near 2-year intervals. A significant decline word-recall scores was found, which accompanied the group level everyday nonsignificant Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Digit Symbol (alpha = .05). The oldest subjects showed most substantial declines...
<b>Background: </b> Expert knowledge may compensate for age-related declines in basic cognitive and sensory-motor abilities some skill domains. We investigated the influence of age aviation expertise (indexed by Federal Aviation Administration pilot ratings) on longitudinal flight simulator performance. <b>Methods: Over a 3-year period, 118 general pilots aged 40 to 69 years were tested annually, which their performance was scored terms 1) executing air-traffic controller communications; 2)...
Differences in cognitive ability and domain-specific expertise may help explain age differences pilot performance. Pilots heard air-traffic controller messages then executed them while "flying" a simulator. Messages varied length speech rate. Age was associated with lower accuracy, but the expected x Message Difficulty interactions were not obtained. Expertise, as indexed by ratings, higher accuracy; yet did reduce accuracy. The effect of on communication task accuracy largely explainable an...
Loss of functioning on complex tasks daily living is an early indicator dementia. The performance 65 older adults with mild to moderate levels Alzheimer's disease was examined the Everyday Problems Test for Cognitively Challenged Elderly (EPCCE), self-report inventories functional performance, and a broad battery clinical neuropsychological measures. EPCCE designed assess set that involved not only global cognitive processes, but also higher-order executive functions. Participants solved...
Age (due to declines in cognitive abilities necessary for navigation) and level of aviation expertise are two factors that may affect performance decision making under adverse weather conditions. We examined the roles age, expertise, their relationship on flight control during a simulator task.Seventy-two IFR-rated general aviators, aged 19-79 yr, made multiple approach, holding pattern entry, landing decisions while navigating Instrument Flight Rules Over three trials which fog varied,...
Disturbed sleep is a major clinical problem in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Apolipoprotein •4 (APOE •4) carrier status may increase risk of AD, yet there are no data on relations between APOE and progression disturbance AD. The objective this study was to determine if parameters AD patients change over time as function status. Forty-four community-dwelling with diagnosis probable were followed from early stages disease. Their sleep/wake compared according For carriers, only wake after onset...
In August 1991, the first outbreak of cholera associated with an imported commercial food product occurred among persons attending a private picnic. An epidemiologic investigation showed infection toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1, biotype El Tor, serotype Ogawa, in 4 6 who had consumed coconut milk from Thailand. addition, US Food and Drug Administration recovered V. 1 unopened bags same brand (but different shipment) as that by infected persons. Investigation Thailand manufacturing process...
Numerous studies have indicated a link between the presence of polymorphism in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cognitive affective disorders. However, only few studied these effects longitudinally along with structural changes brain. This study was carried out to investigate whether valine-to-methionine substitution at position 66 (val66met) pro-BDNF could be linked alterations rate decline skilled task performance hippocampal volume. Participants consisted 144 healthy Caucasian...
Standard MRI methods are often inadequate for identifying mild traumatic brain injury (TBI). Advances in diffusion tensor imaging now provide potential biomarkers of TBI among white matter fascicles (tracts). However, it is still unclear which tracts most pertinent to diagnosis. This study ranked fiber on their ability discriminate patients with and without TBI. We acquired data from military veterans admitted a polytrauma clinic (Overall n = 109; Age: M 47.2, SD 11.3; Male: 88%; TBI: 67%)....
Objective : To determine if older pilots forgot more about a learned flight task after 10‐month delay than did younger and the anticipated greater skill loss led pilots' performance to be disrupted by alcohol. Design Repeated measures comparative group design examining effects of alcohol versus placebo in two age groups (younger older) at timepoints: acute intoxication, Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) 0.10%, 8 hours post‐drink. Setting University medical center research laboratory....
We investigated the relationship between basal cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) levels impairment in different cognitive noncognitive measures possible interaction of DHEA with hypercortisolemia dementia 27 patients diagnosed Alzheimer's disease (AD). There were 17 men 10 women. Patients mildly to moderately cognitively impaired at time initial measures. administered Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS) Folstein Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) approximately 6-month intervals....
In the current study of 1062 Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, we employed receiver operating characteristic curve analysis to identify characteristics patients at increased risk for rapid cognitive decline. The are participants one nine Disease Research Centers California. Rapid decline was defined as a 3-point or greater loss on Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) per year, post visit. independent variables were age clinic visit, symptom onset AD, MMSE patient years education, gender,...
In two studies, we studied the comparative sensitivity of different subjective and objective measures to methylphenidate (10 20 mg) secobarbital (100 versus placebo, diphenhydramine (50 diazepam placebo in abstinent alcoholics. Subjective used were Visual Analog Mood Scale Profile States. Objective Stroop microcomputer-controlled tasks developed our lab – a dual pursuit tracking/reaction time task (P-Trak) reaction with regular irregular preparatory intervals (PI) varying length (Reactest)....
Many Veterans exposed to physical and psychological trauma experience symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). As the etiology PTSD is complex, a better understanding underlying biological mechanisms may improve preventative care treatment for PTSD. Recent findings from fields neuroimaging epigenetics offer important insights into potential brain structures biochemical pathways modified gene expression associated with We combined epigenetic measures assess current by measuring...