A number of legal, social, and political factors over the past 40 years have led to current epidemic psychiatric disorders in U.S. prison system. Although numerous investigations reported substantially elevated rates among inmates compared with general population, it is unclear whether mental illness a risk factor for multiple episodes incarceration. The authors examined this association retrospective cohort study nation's largest state system.The population included 79,211 who began serving...

To explore barriers to multiple advance care planning (ACP) steps and identify common barrier themes that impede older adults from engaging in the process as a whole.Descriptive study.General medicine clinic. San Francisco County.One hundred forty-three English Spanish speakers aged 50 (mean 61) enrolled an directive preference study.Six months after reviewing two directives, self-reported ACP engagement each step were measured with open- closedended questions using quantitative qualitative...

An exponential rise in the number of older prisoners is creating new and costly challenges for criminal justice system, state economies, communities to which former return. We convened a meeting 29 national experts correctional health care, academic medicine, nursing, civil rights identify knowledge gaps propose policy agenda improve care prisoners. The group identified 9 priority areas be addressed: definition prisoner, staff training, functional impairment prison, recognition assessment...

The U . S criminal justice population is aging at a significantly more rapid rate than the overall population, with of older adults in prison having tripled since 1990. This increase root healthcare crisis that spilling into communities and public systems because nearly 95% prisoners are eventually released. graying also straining state local budgets. In prison, cost approximately three times as much younger to incarcerate, largely costs. community, former present least risk recidivism yet...

Background: The epidemiology of pain during the last years life has not been well described. Objective: To describe prevalence and correlates 2 life. Design: Observational study. Data from participants who died while enrolled in Health Retirement Study were analyzed. survey interview closest to death was used. Each participant or proxy interviewed once 24 months classified into 1 cohorts on basis number between death. relationship time before modeled adjusted for age, sex, race ethnicity,...

OBJECTIVES: To assess engagement in multiple steps of the advance care planning (ACP) process 6 months after exposure to an directive. In this study, ACP is conceptualized similarly behavior change model. DESIGN: Descriptive study. SETTINGS: County general medicine clinic San Francisco. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred seventy‐three English or Spanish speakers, aged 50 and older (mean 61) given a standard (12th‐grade reading level) easy‐to‐read (5th‐grade MEASUREMENTS: Six two directives,...

The number of older adults in the criminal justice system is rapidly increasing. While this population thought to experience an early onset aging-related health conditions ("accelerated aging"), studies have not directly compared rates geriatric those found general population. aims study were compare burden among jail age-matched nationally representative sample community dwelling adults. This cross sectional 238 inmates age 55 or 6871 national Health and Retirement Study (HRS). We used...

Although incarcerated older adults experience higher rates of chronic disease and geriatric syndromes, it is unknown whether community-dwelling with a history incarceration are also at risk for worse health outcomes.To evaluate the association between outcomes, including conditions in age.This cross-sectional study using population-based data from nationally representative Health Retirement Study included US aged 50 years or who completed 2012 2014 survey waves assessing self-reported...

This Viewpoint discusses the ways in which incarcerated individuals are negatively impacted by consequences of climate change and steps carceral facilities policymakers can take to mitigate extreme heat risks.

The number of older prisoners is increasing exponentially. For example, the geriatric female in California has increased 350% past decade. Despite an population prisoners, degree functional impairment this unknown. Therefore, goals study were to describe prevalence and nature identify aspects prison environment that may exacerbate impairments. Questionnaires analyzed from 120 women state prisons. Functional was defined as activities daily living (ADLs) or ADLs (PADLs), including dropping...

Despite a recent decline in the U.S. prison population, older prisoner population is growing rapidly. prisons are constitutionally required to provide health care prisoners. As ages, healthcare costs rise, states forced cut spending, and many correctional agencies struggle meet this legal standard of care. Failure needs prisoners, who now account for nearly 10% can cause avoidable suffering medically vulnerable violation constitutional mandate timely access an appropriate level while...

Though life expectancy inexorably decreases with advancing age, we tend to avoid discussing overall prognosis elderly patients who have no dominant terminal illness. But may thereby undercut patients' ability make informed choices about their future.

Words matter when describing people involved in the criminal justice system because language can have a significant impact upon health, wellbeing, and access to health information services. However, terminology used policies, programs, research publications is often derogatory, stigmatizing, dehumanizing. In response, experts from Europe, United States, Australia recommend that healthcare professionals, researchers, policy makers working with detention follow key principles foster...

To compare the effectiveness of patient navigation-enhanced case management in supporting engagement HIV care upon release from jail relative to existing services.We randomized 270 HIV-infected individuals receive for 12 months or standard 90 days following between 2010 and 2013. Participants were interviewed at 2, 6, after release. We abstracted medical data city health records.Patient resulted greater linkage within 30 (odds ratio [OR] = 2.15; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23, 3.75)...

<h3>Importance</h3> Difficulty performing daily activities such as bathing and dressing ("functional impairment") affects nearly 15% of middle-aged adults. Older adults who develop difficulties, often because frailty other age-related conditions, are at increased risk acute care use, nursing home admission, death. However, it is unknown if functional impairments that among people, which may have different antecedents, similar prognostic significance. <h3>Objective</h3> To determine whether...

Compassionate release is a program that allows some eligible, seriously ill prisoners to die outside of prison before sentence completion. It became matter federal statute in 1984 and has been adopted by most U.S. jurisdictions. Incarceration justified on 4 principles: retribution, rehabilitation, deterrence, incapacitation. derives from the theory changes health status may affect these principles thus alter justification for incarceration The medical profession intricately involved this...