This work presents measured results from test chips containing circuits implemented with micro-electro-mechanical (MEM) relays. The relay designed on these illustrate a range of important functions necessary for the implementation integrated VLSI systems and lend insight into circuit design techniques optimized physical properties devices. To explore hybrid electro-mechanical model relays' electrical mechanical characteristics has been developed, correlated to measurements, then also applied...

A testchip demonstrates monolithic integration of micro-electro-mechanical (MEM) switch circuit building blocks for logic, timing, I/O and memory functions. Experimental results show functionality an inverter, XOR, carry-generation block, oscillator, DAC, latch, 10-cell DRAM.

The opportunities and challenges of realizing sophisticated functionality by assembling many nanoscale devices, while covering large areas, remain for the most part unrealized unresolved. In this work, we demonstrate successful fabrication an eight-device cascaded optoelectronic fiber structure in which components down to 100 nm are individually electrically addressed can operate collectively deliver novel over area coverage. We show that a tandem arrangement subwavelength photodetecting...

This paper shows that due to their negligibly low leakage, in certain applications, chips utilizing power gates built even with today's relatively large, high-voltage micro-electro-mechanical (MEM) relays can achieve lower total energy than those CMOS transistors. A simple analysis provides design guidelines for off-time and savings estimates as a function of technology parameters, quantifies the further benefits scaled relay designs. Finally, we demonstrate chip successfully power-gating...

Multiple-input relays are proposed to enable more compact implementation of digital logic circuits, and the first functional prototypes presented. A relay with three equally sized input electrodes is demonstrated perform various three-input functions, a delay that can be well predicted by lumped-parameter model. Relays differently used complex functions. flash-type analog-to-digital converter presented as one example.

We report a mechanically enhanced inkjet-printed microelectromechanical (MEM) relay with U-bar-shaped cantilever by exploiting the coffee-ring effect. The printed shape, especially effective thickness caused elevated walls, can be controlled during drying process outward convective flow of silver nanoparticles. This enhances mechanical stiffness to efficiently produce strongly suspended that is immune collapse- and curling-related failures. approach enhancing unique printing-based processes...

BackgroundThe role of the primary care mental health worker (PCMHW) in providing self-help and signposting to people referred for mild-moderate anxiety depression is currently being complemented by low-intensity workers training under government's improving access psychological therapies (IAPT) programme.AimThis study aims explore experiences five PCMHWs working context a newly designed team London.MethodsThematic analysis participants' written reflective papers provides qualitative...

The energy efficiency of CMOS technology is fundamentally limited by transistor off-state leakage (I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OFF</sub> ). Mechanical switches have zero I and therefore could be advantageous for ultra-low-power digital logic applications. This paper discusses recent advancements in relay switch current challenges which must addressed to realize its promise.

Abstract This Complete Evidence-based Practice paper will focus on the design, implementation, and evaluation of a multidisciplinary introductory engineering course that integrates theory hands-on practice around theme underwater robotics. The is required for all students (including non-engineering majors) at small liberal arts college first majority enrollees. previous version was traditional lecture-based introduction to lumped element modeling mechanical electrical systems signals using...

This work discusses the electrical break down of tungsten oxide films that form on contacting surfaces electrodes in micro-electro-mechanical (MEM) relays. Electrical tests were applied to contacts 27 devices measure voltage, current and charge required films, also change through as film healed. The breaks when an average 58 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{C}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> electronic passes oxide, which usually requires applying 1&#x2013;2 V drive 100...

Abstract This paper will discuss the transition from a lecture-based multidisciplinary introductory engineering course to revised version that integrates theory and hands-on practice around theme of underwater robotics, including discussion design, implementation, evaluation course. The is required for all students (including non-engineering majors) at small liberal arts college first majority enrollees. Final grades in original showed gender disparity which male outperformed female had...

Abstract This evidence-based practice paper describes the implementation of competency-based learning in a course on design analog circuits. was motivated by two ideas. First, literature and mastery-based suggests that these techniques improve student attitudes learning, this sought to achieve desirable outcomes. Second, self-paced nature helps identify students are material slowly, direct instructor resources students. However, challenging because it needed navigate challenges assessing...

Abstract This WIP theory paper argues laboratory and engineering project classes can produce high cognitive load by pursuing many learning objectives at the same time. It further that courses where students work in teams are particularly prone to producing because interdependence required positive group dynamics necessarily creates higher load. argument is rooted literature articulates of suggests activities pursue once. combined with a review suggest large numbers contribute Other on...

Abstract Background There has been limited research on college campus’ green spaces and their benefits to students. This study aimed identify relationships between a Texas campus’s students’ knowledge of health perception compared the indoor built environments. Methods Photovoice was utilized answer this study’s questions. Participants were instructed take photograph inside building campus one outdoors anywhere campus. answered questionnaire containing health-related questions, demographics,...

Abstract This research paper will describe the results of an experiment in which level inquiry a laboratory manual is varied from guided to open by reducing specificity instructions lab manual. The hypothesis that less specific cause students reflect on their actions and, as result, circle further around Kolb’s experiential learning cycle during each step lab. should result improved recall and better integration classroom understanding. Student outcomes are assessed using in-lab, direct...

Harvey Mudd College has developed a sixth-generation circuit board with an FPGA and microcontroller for embedded systems laboratory course. Students begin by assembling testing their board, then complete series of projects the chips. The course concludes open-ended team-based design project.

Health care reform in the United States will likely attempt to expand health insurance coverage uninsured groups, control costs, enhance quality, and access care. Preventive services be assigned medical system, while new roles responsibilities defined for public agencies. The clinical preventive required are examined a population of 44,565 persons residing Otsego County, New York. Expansion Medicaid requests require considerable resource expenditure correct current deficit received by these...