An F-RAN is presented in this article as a promising paradigm for the fifth generation wireless communication system to provide high spectral and energy efficiency. The core idea take full advantage of local radio signal processing, cooperative resource management, distributed storing capabilities edge devices, which can decrease heavy burden on fronthaul avoid large-scale processing centralized baseband unit pool. This comprehensively presents architecture key techniques F-RANs. In...

Cellular vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication is crucial to support future diverse vehicular applications. However, for safety-critical applications, unstable vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) links, and high signaling overhead of centralized resource allocation approaches become bottlenecks. In this article, we investigate a joint optimization problem transmission mode selection cellular V2X communications. particular, the formulated as Markov decision process, deep reinforcement learning...

The growing popularity of Internet Things (IoT) with the requirements highly reliable and low latency has imposed huge challenges to current cellular networks. Using small aerial platforms like unmanned vehicles (UAVs) assist terrestrial base stations (BSs) is attractive, but it often challenged by lack UAV access selection resource allocation algorithm balance network performance service cost. In this paper, we study BS bandwidth problems in a assisted IoT communication network, where...

Characterizing user to remote radio head (RRH) association strategies in cloud access networks (C-RANs) is critical for performance optimization. In this letter, the single nearest and N-nearest RRH are presented, corresponding impact on ergodic capacity of C-RANs analyzed, where RRHs distributed according a stationary point process. Closed-form expressions proposed derived. Simulation results demonstrate that derived uplink closed-form accurate. Furthermore, analysis simulation show gain...

Network slicing in fog radio access networks is recognized as a cost-efficient solution to support future diverse use cases. However, with the number of user equipments (UE) fast increasing, centralized resource allocation architecture for network can put heavy burdens on global manager (GRRM), and meanwhile slice customization not easy achieve. To overcome two issues, hierarchical proposed this paper, where GRRM responsible allocating subchannels local managers (LRRMs) slices, which then...

To meet the wide range of 5G use cases in a cost-efficient way, network slicing has been advocated as key enabler. Unlike core virtualized environment, radio access (RAN) is still its infancy and corresponding realization challenging. In this paper, we investigate approach fog RAN slicing, where two slice instances for hotspot vehicle-to-infrastructure scenarios are concerned orchestrated. particular, framework formulated an optimization problem jointly tackling content caching mode...

The mode selection and resource allocation in fog radio access networks (F-RANs) have been advocated as key techniques to improve spectral energy efficiency. In this paper, we investigate the joint optimization of uplink F-RANs, where both traditional user equipments (UEs) UEs are served by constructed network slice instances. concerned is formulated a mixed-integer programming problem, orthogonal multiplexed subchannel strategies proposed guarantee isolation. Motivated development machine...

To satisfy the low-latency requirements of emerging computation-intensive vehicular services, offloading these services to edge or cloud servers has been recognized as an effective solution. Due limited resources and faraway distance servers, it is challenging provide efficient resource allocation strategy balance latency, throughput utilization. In this paper, end–edge–cloud collaboration paradigm presented for computation in fog-based networks (FVNETs) by incorporating vehicles with idle...

Abstract In response to the demand for lightweight main load-bearing backplane structure use on small micro-nano remote sensing satellites, structural design and additive manufacturing based laser powder bed fusion were investigated. The results show that folded edge with a hexagonal outer frame has higher modal frequency than original circular structure. When length of is 4mm, deformation under full load minimal. To enhance its capacity ensure conformity LPBF molding mechanism, 45° chamfer...

The fog radio access network (F-RAN) is a promising paradigm to provide high spectral efficiency and energy efficiency. Characterizing users select an appropriate communication mode in F-RANs critical for performance optimization. With evolutionary game theory, dynamic selection proposed F-RANs, which the competition among groups of potential users' space formulated as game, solved by equilibrium. Stochastic geometry tool used derive proposals' payoff expressions both point device-to-device...

Fog computing based radio access network is a promising paradigm for the fifth generation wireless communication system to provide high spectral and energy efficiency. With help of new designed fog points (F-APs), user-centric objectives can be achieved through adaptive technique will relieve load fronthaul alleviate burden base band unit pool. In this paper, we derive coverage probability ergodic rate both F-AP users device-to-device by taking into account different nodes locations, cache...

The growing demand for rich content services and developments of industrial internet things vehicle-to-everything communications pose challenging requirements the next-generation fog radio access networks (F-RANs). Though F-RANs are promising to support these enabling technologies by leveraging edge caching computing, delay performance is still straightforward should be optimized. A latency optimization problem formulated, solve problem, a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) based joint...

The Space-Terrestrial Integrated Network (STIN) is considered to be a promising paradigm for realizing worldwide wireless connectivity in sixth-Generation (6G) communication systems. Unfortunately, excessive interference the STIN degrades links and leads poor performance, which bottleneck that prevents its commercial deployment. In this article, crucial features challenges of STIN-based are comprehensively investigated, some candidate solutions Interference Management (IM) summarized. As...

Wireless data broadcast is an efficient technique of disseminating simultaneously to a large number mobile clients. In many information services, the users may query multiple items at time. this paper, we study retrieval scheduling problem from client's point view. We formally define Largest Number Data Retrieval (LNDR) with objective downloading largest requested in given time duration, and Minimum Cost (MCDR) which aims set minimum energy consumption. When needed for channel switching can...

The explosive growth of data with the requirements high reliability and low latency has posed huge challenges to vehicular networks. One potential solution is deploy fog computing servers geographically closer vehicles serve vehicle-based applications in real time. However, due constraint caching storage space as well lack tractable access mode selection spectrum allocation algorithm, it very challenging balance network transmission performance fronthaul savings. In this paper, we...

Heterogeneous small-cell networks have been identified as key technological components in accomplishing objectives of the fifth generation wireless communication system, which point is hyper dense deployment small-cells. However, interference among small-cells exacerbates coupled with incessant use multimedia services. In this paper, a network-side self-organized coalition formation approach for intra-tier mitigation primarily through neighborhood cooperation proposed. By forming disjoint...

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has been considered as a promising communication technology to enhance the spectral efficiency and support massive connections in fog radio networks (F-RANs). In this paper, with aim of maximizing weighted sum rate while taking co-channel interference into consideration, joint resource block (RB) power allocation problem is formulated. To solve problem, we first propose optimal scheme. Specifically, monotonic optimization applied an outer polyblock...

Ternary Content Addressable Memory (TCAM) is widely used for caching flow entries in Software Defined Network (SDN). However, limited by the current technology level and hardware cost, capacity of TCAM difficult to meet needs large scale SDN, which would seriously affect scalability SDN. Aimed at problem, some researches improve efficiency setting different lifecycle entries. Such as Openflow protocol proposed default entry lifecycle, AHTM scheme dynamicly adjusted according number...

The joint user association and cache placement problem is challenging in fog radio access networks (F-RANs) due to its difficulty present the optimal solution with low complexity. Motivated by recent development of artificial intelligence, we divide original optimization into two subproblems. In particular, solved a reinforcement-learning-based algorithm which enhanced point content profiles fronthaul constraint are considered. On other hand, since popularity profile contents hard acquire...