In recent years, a great effort has been devoted to developing new generation of materials for aeronautic applications. The driving force behind this is the reduction costs, by extending service life aircraft parts (structural and engine components) increasing fuel efficiency, load capacity flight range. present paper examines most important classes metallic including Al alloys, Ti Mg steels, Ni superalloys metal matrix composites (MMC), with scope provide an overview advancements highlight...

In aeronautics, additive manufacturing (AM) leads to specific benefits, mainly connected topological optimization for weight reduction, the decrease in “buy-to-fly” ratio, and operations of maintenance, repair, overhaul. Al alloys processed by AM technologies are extensively investigated play an increasing role production aircraft structural parts. Based on recent literature research activity authors, this work examines advantages drawbacks involved printing alloys. Defects, microstructure,...

Despite the great potential of Mg and its alloys as material for biodegradable implants, their low resistance to simultaneous action corrosion mechanical stresses in human body have hampered use. Stress Corrosion Cracking has been reported one most critical failure modes overcome allow such materials be clinically applied. Thus, this paper we investigate effect Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) on (SCC) susceptibility AZ31 alloy. To do so, alloy subjected 1, 2 4 passes ECAP, samples so...

High energy density technologies for welding processes provide opportune solutions to joint metal materials and repair components in several industrial applications. Their high-performance levels are related the high penetration depth speed achievable. Moreover, localized thermal input helps reducing distortion residual stresses welds, minimizing extension of fusion zone heat-affected zone. The use these can be decisive employment sophisticated alloys such as Ni-based superalloys, which...

While L-PBF research continuously expands technologically towards more complex-shaped components and effective scanning strategies, the customization of mechanical performance these to specific applications is still challenging. The presence high process-induced residual stress levels frequently makes current (standard) testing procedures ineffective or even inappropriate. engineering design principles cannot be applied as available properties are apparent (i.e., space dependent properties)....

Two types of (Zn, Al) layered double hydroxide were prepared by a hydrothermal process at room temperature using Zn salt precursors on Al foils. The examined LDHs differ for the hosted anions in interlamellar space, namely Cl − and NO 3 . Scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy ultraviolet photoemission have been used to characterize four samples, representative two (Cl ) times growth (6 24 h). results permitted describe interactions between inorganic space metallic...

Welding between Fe and Al alloys is difficult because of a significant difference in thermal properties poor mutual solid-state solubility. This affects the weld microstructure causes formation brittle intermetallic compounds (IMCs). The present study aims to explore those over two different technologies: laser offset welding hybrid laser-MIG (Metal inert gas) welding. former consists focusing beam on top surface one plates at certain distance (offset) from interfaces. Such method minimizes...

EUROFER97 steel plates for nuclear fusion applications are usually manufactured by hot rolling and subsequent heat treatments: (1) austenitization at 980 °C 30 min, (2) rapid cooling (3) tempering 760 90 min. An extended experimental campaign was carried out with the scope of improving strength without a loss ductility. Forty groups samples were prepared combining cold five reduction ratios (20, 40, 50, 60 80%) treatments eight different temperatures in range 400–750 (steps 50 °C). This work...

Internal prosthesis and grafts are currently made of Ti alloys, stainless steels Co–Cr alloys. In spite excellent biocompatibility, they show some drawbacks that concern their mechanical properties (e.g. elastic modulus) the need secondary surgery for removing implant. For this reason, a growing attention has been focused on biodegradable materials can be absorbed into body after tissue remodelling. particular, Mg alloys promising candidates temporary implants thanks to high biodegradability...

Ni-base superalloys are employed to produce parts of aeronautic engines, space vehicles and power plants. During the production process or lifetime components, cracks may occur which affect their performance. Reliable repairs can be carried out through high-energy density welding techniques. This work investigated laser directionally solidified IN792 DS superalloy. The characteristics original material evolution in base metal, heat-affected zone melt after different conditions post-welding...

Abstract Zinc‐aluminum layered double hydroxide (LDH) containing an ionic liquid, 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate (BmimSO 4 ), has been synthesized by a co‐precipitation method. This strategy enabled the intercalation of liquid (IL) into interlamellar space LDH with aim increasing conductivity and reducing its dependence on water content. Pure IL‐intercalated LDHs have characterized Fourier‐Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy X‐ray diffraction. Electrochemical Impedance...

Fifty-eight years ago Fenman, during an American Physical Society meeting at the California Institute of Technology, anticipated problem modifying and governing world infinitely small. He said: “What I want to talk about, is manipulating controlling things on a small scale… What have demonstrated that there room—that you can decrease size in practical way. now show plenty room. will not discuss how we are going do it, but only what possible principle… We doing it simply because haven’t yet...

An oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) ferritic steel with nanometric grain size has been produced by low-energy mechanical alloying (MA) of powder (Fe-14Cr-1W-0.4Ti) mixed Y2O3 particles (0.3 wt %) and successive hot extrusion (HE). The material exhibits superior properties respect to the unreinforced up 400 °C; then such differences tend progressively decrease at 700 °C yield stress (YS) ultimate tensile strength (UTS) values are very close. microstructure behaviour have compared those ODS...

The aim of the research campaign was to simulate in vitro typical conditions for corrosion biofluid a femoral bone implant manufactured with AZ31 alloy. samples were immersed (alpha-MEM) time intervals up 56 days. For each immersion time, chemical compositions and morphologies studied SEM, EDX, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, XPS. weight losses caused by also measured. results highlighted formation calcium phosphate crystals on surface samples. This type coating is well-known its excellent...

The present paper has investigated the high cycle fatigue behavior of EUROFER97 steel submitted to a novel process consisting cold rolling with reduction ratio 80 % followed by heat treatment at 650 °C for 1 h. This had already proved be highly effective under static loads leading significant improvement in yield stress. tests have been performed 0.2 load room temperature. Results indicate that strength is comparable standard EUROFER97. Moreover, fatigued samples underwent microstructural...

The fracture surfaces of a 10.5 wt.% Cr martensitic stainless steel broken in Charpy tests have been investigated through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). specimens examined two different conditions: as-quenched and heat treated for 10 h at 700 °C. trends Fe/Cr ratio vs. test temperature are similar to the sigmoidal curves absorbed energy and, after both ductile quasi-cleavage brittle fractures, such is always significantly lower than nominal value chemical composition. segregation...

AISI 316L steel, subjected to a low temperature carburizing treatment (kolstering), has been examined by Mechanical Spectroscopy (MS) and nanoindentation determine the Youngs modulus of surface hardened layer (S phase). MS results showed that average value elastic S phase is 202 GPa, little higher than untreated material.Nanoindentation tests, carried out with loads 5, 15 30 mN, evidence profile vs depth: E ~ 400 GPa at distance from 110 nm, then decreases reach steel substrate (190 GPa) 33...

Electron Beam (EB) welding has been used to realize seams on 2 mm-thick plates of directionally solidified (DS) IN792 superalloy. The first part this work evidenced the importance pre-heating workpiece avoid formation long cracks in seam. comparison different temperatures (PHT) and pass speeds (v) allowed identification optimal process parameters, namely PHT = 300 °C v 2.5 m/min. microstructural features melted zone (MZ); heat affected (HAZ), base material (BM) were investigated by optical...

FIMEC (flat-top cylinder indenter for mechanical characterisation) is an instrumented indentation test employing a cylindrical punch. It has been used to determine the properties of metallic materials in several applications industrial interest. This work briefly describes technique and theory with flat-ended The flat metals investigated through experimental tests, equation derived calculate yield stress from data deep indentation. approach supported by many on various alloys. Some selected...

Precursor effects of indium melting have been investigated by means Mechanical Spectroscopy (MS) and High Temperature X-ray Diffraction (HT-XRD). MS tests evidenced a sharp drop dynamic modulus in the temperature range between 418 K 429 (melting point). At K, HT-XRD showed partial grain re-orientation, peak profile broadening, particular lower part, shift towards angles. Experimental results are consistent with density increase self-interstitials vacancies crystal lattice before melting....

Tungsten (W) is considered a promising plasma-facing material for protecting the divertor of ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor). The effects on W transient thermal loads high energy occurring in tokamak under operative conditions have been simulated through single laser pulse delivered by an Nd:YAG laser. Bulk and plasma-sprayed (PS) samples submitted to tests successively examined via SEM (scanning electron microscopy) observations. In both types materials, induces...

Austenitic stainless steels produced by laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) are quite interesting materials owing to their specific microstructure consisting of dendrite walls built dislocations pinned many nano-oxides that involves significant strengthening without loss ductility. In this work, different plasma treatments were performed harden the surface 316 L steel manufactured L-PBF. The samples characterized X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy (RS), light microscopy (LM) and...