Calmodulin is a calcium-signaling protein that involved in diverse range of biological pathways. The flexibility the two lobes CaM about central linker domain crucial to target recognition and binding. We have attached fluorescent probes N-terminal C-terminal domains CaM. In this study, we report single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between domains. detected fluctuations FRET efficiency on microsecond millisecond time scales by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS)....

A calmodulin (CaM) mutant (T34,110C-CaM) doubly labeled with fluorescence probes AlexaFluor 488 and Texas Red in opposing domains (CaM-DA) has been used to examine conformational heterogeneity CaM by single-pair resonance energy transfer (spFRET). Burst-integrated FRET efficiencies of freely diffusing CaM-DA single molecules yielded distributions distance between CaM-DA. We recently reported distinct substates Ca2+-CaM-DA apoCaM-DA, peaks the centered at ∼28 Å, 34−38 55 Å [Slaughter et al....

Water soluble, metallo-pthalocyanine (MPc) near-IR fluorophores were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as highly stable sensitive reporters for fluorescence assays. Their conjugation to oligonucleotides was achieved via succinimidyl ester-amino coupling chemistry with the conditions extensively examined optimized. In addition, various conjugate purification isolation techniques well. Results showed that under proper following using reverse-phase ion-pair chromatography, labeling...

We have detected single-molecule binding interactions of a target peptide with the calcium-signaling protein calmodulin (CaM) immobilized in an agarose gel, and we demonstrated application assay to measure strength CaM CaM-binding domain calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII). The results demonstrate potential for ultrasensitive assays CaM−target measurement picomolar dissociation constant. To detect interactions, require that analyte molecule be confined focal spot objective time scale...

Abstract Conventional portable and handheld Raman systems are based on a dispersive design. The drawback of this design is the tradeoff between laser spot size resolution. Most conventional instruments have very small size. This tightly focused beam produces high resolution but may miss target material completely. Increasing sampling area using large requires larger aperture consequently, corresponding loss resolution, making accurate library matching difficult prone to error.

In this study, a range of computational methods including time-dependent density functional theory, configuration interaction, and Zerner's spectroscopic intermediate neglect differential overlap are used to classify properties indoline indoline-2-carboxylic acid. By examining transition densities, the 1La 1Lb states acid assigned. Aniline is as reference system. Excitation energies, oscillator strengths, dipole moments, dipoles have been calculated found be in close agreement with...

This paper presents a detailed description of the fluorescence and photophysical behavior indoline indoline-2-carboxylic acid (I2CA). Indoline is an analogue indole lacking C2C3 double bond, but unlike indole, possesses well-separated 1La 1Lb states. I2CA, which displays similar properties, amino can be regarded as fluorescent proline. In view potential for I2CA probes in peptides proteins, we have undertaken in-depth study spectroscopic properties these molecules. A companion (Slaughter,...

People are less likely to prepare for earthquakes and other disasters if they make fatalistic attributions earthquake damage. The way that news media public agencies present information about may contribute judgments the damage cannot be prevented. Attribution theory proposes distinctiveness consensus of covarying events shape attributions. Four studies varied a target building relative buildings how much had damaged similar (consensus consistency). conditions with high consistency enhanced...

Based on Ramanujan's theories of elliptic functions to alternative bases, commutative formal group laws, and supercongruence techniques, including the residue-sum technique, we provide an explicit "Hypergeometric-Modularity" method obtain modularity results for certain hypergeometric Galois representations. We give a few applications. As bi-product, collection eta quotients with multiplicative coefficients, connections between values periods modular forms will be obtained.

In the first paper of this sequence, we provided an explicit hypergeometric modularity method by combining different techniques from classical, $p$-adic, and finite field settings. article, explore application a motivic viewpoint through some known well-poised formulae Whipple McCarthy. We use to derive class special weight three modular forms, labeled as $\mathbb{K}_2$-functions. Then using further construct degree four Galois representations absolute groups corresponding cyclotomic fields....