A5003088701- Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics
- Magnetic confinement fusion research
- Pulsed Power Technology Applications
- Laser Design and Applications
- Laser-induced spectroscopy and plasma
- Laser-Matter Interactions and Applications
- Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
- Gyrotron and Vacuum Electronics Research
- Electromagnetic Launch and Propulsion Technology
- Plasma Diagnostics and Applications
- Particle accelerators and beam dynamics
- Energetic Materials and Combustion
- Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis
- Cold Fusion and Nuclear Reactions
- Non-Destructive Testing Techniques
- Structural Response to Dynamic Loads
- Radiation Effects in Electronics
- Computational Fluid Dynamics and Aerodynamics
- Plasma Applications and Diagnostics
- Ion-surface interactions and analysis
- Cryptographic Implementations and Security
- Electrohydrodynamics and Fluid Dynamics
- Fusion materials and technologies
- Engineering Diagnostics and Reliability
- Astro and Planetary Science
Sandia National Laboratories
2023-2025
Sandia National Laboratories California
2024
University of Michigan
2018-2022
Michigan United
2022
University of Rochester
2019
The objectives of this tutorial are as follows: 1) to help students and researchers develop a basic understanding how pulsed-power systems used create high-energy-density (HED) matter; 2) new, compact, efficient technology called linear transformer drivers (LTDs); 3) understand why LTDs an attractive for driving HED physics (HEDP) experiments; 4) contrast with the more traditional Marx-generator/pulse-forming-line approach HEDP 5) briefly review history LTD well some LTD-driven research...
Magnetized liner inertial fusion (MagLIF) experiments have demonstrated fusion-relevant ion temperatures up to 3.1 keV and thermonuclear production of 1.1 × 1013 deuterium–deuterium neutrons. This performance was enabled through platform development that provided increases in applied magnetic field, coupled preheat energy, drive current. Advanced coil designs with internal reinforcement an increase from 10 20 T. An improved laser pulse shape, beam smoothing, thinner entrance foils increased...
In magnetized liner inertial fusion (MagLIF), a cylindrical filled with fuel is imploded the goal of producing one-dimensional plasma column at thermonuclear conditions. However, structures attributed to three-dimensional effects are observed in self-emission x-ray images. Despite this, impact many experimental inputs on morphology has not been characterized. We demonstrate use linear regression analysis explore correlations between and wide variety across 57 MagLIF experiments. Results...
Magnetically driven implosions are susceptible to magnetohydrodynamic instabilities, including the magneto-Rayleigh-Taylor instability (MRTI). To reduce MRTI growth in solid-metal liner implosions, use of a dynamic screw pinch (DSP) has been proposed [P. F. Schmit et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 205001 (2016)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.117.205001]. In DSP configuration, helical return-current structure surrounds liner, resulting magnetic field that drives implosion. Here, we present...
Helical magneto-Rayleigh–Taylor instability (MRTI) structures have been observed in z-pinch-driven liner implosion experiments with a pre-imposed axial magnetic field. We show that the formation of these helical can be described by Hall magnetohydrodynamical (HMHD) model. used 3D extended magnetohydrodynamics simulation code PERSEUS (which includes physics) [Seyler and Martin, Phys. Plasmas 18, 012703 (2011)] to study instabilities interchange low-density coronal plasma immediately...
Magnetized liner inertial fusion (MagLIF) is a magneto-inertial-fusion concept that studied on the 20-MA, 100-ns rise time Z Pulsed Power Facility at Sandia National Laboratories. Given relative success of platform, there wide interest in studying scaled performance this next-generation pulsed-power facility may produce peak currents upward 60 MA. An important aspect requires more research instability dynamics imploding MagLIF liner, specifically how instabilities are initially seeded. It...
The Michigan Accelerator for Inductive Z-pinch Experiments (MAIZE) is a single-stage, 1-MA linear transformer driver at the University of Michigan. MAIZE facility has been site various experimental studies, including wire array Z-pinches X-ray source development and cylindrical foil loads implosion stability analysis. In order to better understand investigate these other experiments, 4-frame extreme ultraviolet camera was implemented, optical 12-frame laser shadowgraphy system improved,...
Magnetized Liner Inertial Fusion (MagLIF) at Sandia National Laboratories involves a laser preheating stage where few-ns pulse passes through few-micron-thick plastic window to preheat gaseous fusion fuel contained within the MagLIF target. Interactions with this reduce heating efficiency and mix target materials into fuel. A recently proposed idea called “Laser Gate” removing well before is applied. In article, we present experimental proof-of-principle results for pulsed-power...
This paper expands upon recent experimental results [Campbell et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 035001 (2020)], where thin-foil liner implosions were driven by a dynamic screw pinch (DSP) and found to have magneto-Rayleigh–Taylor instability (MRTI) amplitudes up three times smaller than in standard z-pinch (SZP). The expanded discussion presented herein includes: (1) detailed comparison of the MRTI growth measured experiment with that calculated from theory; (2) measurements axial magnetic field...
Cylindrical foil liners, with thicknesses on the order of 400 nm, are often used in university-scale Z-pinch experiments (∼1 MA 100 ns) to study physics relevant inertial confinement fusion efforts larger-scale facilities (e.g., magnetized liner effort 25-MA Z facility at Sandia National Laboratories). The use ultrathin liners typically requires a central support rod maintain structural integrity target assembly prior implosion. radius this sets limit maximum convergence ratio achievable for...
The quality of warm dense matter samples created by magnetic compression can be largely affected material ablation. When the ablated carries currents, local instabilities grow, which lead to nonuniformities in final pressure. Extending previous work Peterson et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 135002 (2014)], Awe 116, 065001 (2016)], and Hutchison E 97, 053208 (2018)], experiments reported here demonstrate that expansion significantly reduced using a simple aerosol spray technique. Coating...
The MAIZE Linear Transformer Driver consists of 40 capacitor-switch-capacitor "bricks" connected in parallel. When these bricks are charged to ±100-kV and then discharged synchronously, the facility generates a 1-MA current pulse with 100-ns rise time into matched load impedance. Discharging each capacitors brick is carried out by breakdown spark-gap switch, process that results emission light. Monitoring this output light fiber optic coupled photomultiplier tube (PMT) an oscilloscope...
In magnetically driven cylindrical liner implosions, azimuthally correlated structures form due to the magneto-Rayleigh-Taylor instability. When an axial magnetic field is applied system, helical have been observed despite azimuthal at time of observation being several orders magnitude greater than (~kT vs ~10 T). Magnetized Liner Inertial Fusion (MagLIF) a promising fusion concept that relies on both and implosion reach conditions. Theory 2D simulations suggest MagLIF performance scales...
The physics of low-density plasmas and their role in Pulsed Power target dynamics is poorly understood, representing a key risk not only to experiments fielded on Sandia's Z Machine, but also for future pulsed power facility. To incorporate the these into experimental design requires understanding electron inertia, Hall physics, displacement currents (extended-magnetohydrodynamics)' formidable challenge, which current codes do address. Flux-Limited Extended Ohm's law (FLEXO) project,...
Cylindrical liner implosions and ablations are susceptible to the magneto Rayleigh-Taylor (MRT) instability general magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instabilities, such as <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$m=0$</tex> "sausage" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$m=1$</tex> "kink" where xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$m$</tex> is azimuthal mode number. Previous work has experimentally shown effects of long pulse axial...
In Magnetized Liner Inertial Fusion (MagLIF), pressurized fuel inside of a cylindrical metal tube (or "liner") is preheated with laser pulse. The enters the region through thin entrance window (LEW). LEW contains liner until few-ns preheating pulse applied, which ablates and preheats fuel. Energy losses are thought to occur at (LEW) as result laser-plasma interactions (LPI). Additionally, simulations presently unable reliably model LPI losses. <sup...
X-pinch radiography is a simple but effective technique for diagnosing imploding cylindrical plasmas [1]. Two or more crossed wires are placed in the return current path, which causes these to "pinch" and emit burst of x-rays. These x-rays create radiographic image that can provide view into structure plasma column. The work presented here discusses hardware upgrades were necessary implement this diagnostic on MAIZE facility, 1-MA, 100-ns rise time pulsed power machine at University...
Warm dense matter (WDM) is typically produce for experimental studies by high power lasers or intense heavy ions beams. Both techniques WDM that confined only material inertia. However, the study of bulk properties (i.e. viscosity) benefits from experiments conducted on longer time scales. Pulsed-power drivers use magnetic fields to compress into regimes. The field also provides confinement necessary relax this state at mesoscale. Predictions made numerical simulations (PERSEUS) have shown a...