A5040598387- Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics
- Magnetic confinement fusion research
- Pulsed Power Technology Applications
- Laser-induced spectroscopy and plasma
- Particle accelerators and beam dynamics
- Gyrotron and Vacuum Electronics Research
- High-pressure geophysics and materials
- Nuclear Physics and Applications
- Plasma Diagnostics and Applications
- Ion-surface interactions and analysis
- Electromagnetic Launch and Propulsion Technology
- Laser-Matter Interactions and Applications
- Electrostatic Discharge in Electronics
- Laser Design and Applications
- Metal and Thin Film Mechanics
- Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Energetic Materials and Combustion
- Advanced X-ray Imaging Techniques
- Combustion and Detonation Processes
- Fusion materials and technologies
- Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis
- Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques
- Particle Accelerators and Free-Electron Lasers
- Cold Fusion and Nuclear Reactions
- Magnetic Field Sensors Techniques
Sandia National Laboratories
2013-2025
University of Michigan–Ann Arbor
2016-2025
Draper Laboratory
2024
Applied Pulsed Power (United States)
2024
Michigan United
2022-2023
Institut National de la Statistique
2023
Los Alamos National Laboratory
2021
Sandia National Laboratories California
2010-2020
University of Rochester
2019
Indiana University School of Medicine
2019
This Letter presents results from the first fully integrated experiments testing magnetized liner inertial fusion concept [S. A. Slutz et al., Phys. Plasmas 17, 056303 (2010)], in which a cylinder of deuterium gas with preimposed 10 T axial magnetic field is heated by Z beamlet, 2.5 kJ, 1 TW laser, and magnetically imploded 19 MA, 100 ns rise time current on facility. Despite predicted peak implosion velocity only 70 km/s, fuel reaches stagnation temperature approximately 3 keV, Te≈Ti,...
The first controlled experiments measuring the growth of magneto-Rayleigh-Taylor instability in fast (∼100 ns) Z-pinch plasmas are reported. Sinusoidal perturbations on surface an initially solid Al tube (liner) with wavelengths 25-400 μm were used to seed instability. Radiographs 15 resolution captured evolution outer liner surface. Comparisons numerical radiation magnetohydrodynamic simulations show remarkably good agreement down 50 wavelengths.
We have developed conceptual designs of two petawatt-class pulsed-power accelerators: Z 300 and 800. The are based on an accelerator architecture that is founded concepts: single-stage electrical-pulse compression impedance matching [Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 10, 030401 (2007)]. prime power source each machine consists 90 linear-transformer-driver (LTD) modules. Each module comprises LTD cavities connected electrically in series, which powered by 5-GW bricks parallel. (A brick a single...
High current pulsed-power generators efficiently store and deliver magnetic energy to z-pinch targets. We review applications of magnetically driven implosions (MDIs) inertial confinement fusion. Previous research on MDIs wire-array z-pinches for radiation-driven indirect-drive target designs is summarized. Indirect-drive are compared with new targets that imploded by direct application pressure produced the pulse. describe design elements such as larger absorbed energy, magnetized...
Magnetizing the fuel in inertial confinement fusion relaxes ignition requirements by reducing thermal conductivity and changing physics of burn product confinement. Diagnosing level magnetization during is critical to understanding target performance magneto-inertial (MIF) implosions. In pure deuterium plasma, 1.01 MeV tritons are emitted deuterium-deuterium can undergo secondary deuterium-tritium reactions before exiting fuel. Increasing elongates path lengths through some tritons,...
Novel experimental data are reported that reveal helical instability formation on imploding $z$-pinch liners premagnetized with an axial field. Such instabilities differ dramatically from the mostly azimuthally symmetric form unmagnetized liners. The structure persists at nearly constant pitch as liner implodes. This is surprising since, surface, azimuthal drive field presumably dwarfs for all but earliest stages of experiment. These fundamentally 3D results provide a unique and challenging...
The implosions of initially solid beryllium liners (tubes) have been imaged with penetrating radiography through to stagnation. These novel radiographic data reveal a high degree azimuthal correlation in the evolving magneto-Rayleigh-Taylor structure at times just prior (and during) stagnation, providing stringent constraints on simulation tools used by broader energy density physics and inertial confinement fusion communities. To emphasize this point, comparisons 2D 3D radiation...
Enhanced implosion stability has been experimentally demonstrated for magnetically accelerated liners that are coated with 70 μm of dielectric. The dielectric tamps liner-mass redistribution from electrothermal instabilities and also buffers coupling the drive magnetic field to magneto-Rayleigh-Taylor instability. A dielectric-coated axially premagnetized beryllium liner was radiographed at a convergence ratio [CR=Rin,0/Rin(z,t)] 20, which is highest CR ever directly observed strengthless...
A recent publication [D. B. Sinars et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 185001 (2010)] describes the first controlled experiments measuring growth of magneto-Rayleigh–Taylor instability in fast (∼100 ns) Z-pinch plasmas formed from initially solid aluminum tubes (liners). Sinusoidal perturbations on surface these liners with wavelengths 25–400 μm were used to seed single-mode instabilities. The evolution outer liner was captured using multiframe 6.151 keV radiography. initial paper shows that there...
Multiple experimental campaigns have been executed to study the implosions of initially solid beryllium (Be) liners (tubes) on Z pulsed-power accelerator. The were driven by current pulses that rose from 0 20 MA in either 100 or 200 ns (200 for pulse shaping experiments). These studies conducted support recently proposed Magnetized Liner Inertial Fusion concept [Slutz et al., Phys. Plasmas 17, 056303 (2010)], as well exploring novel equation-of-state measurement techniques. experiments used...
The magnetized liner inertial fusion concept [S. A. Slutz et al., Phys. Plasmas 17, 056303 (2010)] utilizes a magnetic field and laser heating to relax the pressure requirements of confinement fusion. first experiments test [M. R. Gomez Rev. Lett. 113, 155003 (2014)] were conducted utilizing 19 MA, 100 ns Z machine, 2.5 kJ, 1 TW Beamlet laser, 10 T Applied B-field on system. Despite an estimated implosion velocity only 70 km/s in these experiments, electron ion temperatures at stagnation as...
Recent experiments at the Sandia National Laboratories Z Facility have, for first time, studied implosion dynamics of magnetized liner inertial fusion (MagLIF) style liners that were pre-imposed with a uniform axial magnetic field. As reported [T. J. Awe et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 235005 (2013)] when premagnetized 7 or 10 T field, these developed 3D-helix-like hydrodynamic instabilities; such instabilities starkly contrast azimuthally correlated magneto-Rayleigh-Taylor (MRT) have been...
The objectives of this tutorial are as follows: 1) to help students and researchers develop a basic understanding how pulsed-power systems used create high-energy-density (HED) matter; 2) new, compact, efficient technology called linear transformer drivers (LTDs); 3) understand why LTDs an attractive for driving HED physics (HEDP) experiments; 4) contrast with the more traditional Marx-generator/pulse-forming-line approach HEDP 5) briefly review history LTD well some LTD-driven research...
X-ray imaging indicates magnetized liner inertial fusion (MagLIF) stagnation columns have a complicated quasi-helical structure with significant variations in x-ray brightness along the column. In this work, we describe MagLIF experiments aimed at controlling these structures by varying initial geometry and composition. First, aspect ratio of liner, demonstrate change that is consistent helical magneto Rayleigh–Taylor (MRT) instabilities feedthrough from outer-to-inner surfaces liner....
Magnetized liner inertial fusion (MagLIF) experiments have demonstrated fusion-relevant ion temperatures up to 3.1 keV and thermonuclear production of 1.1 × 1013 deuterium–deuterium neutrons. This performance was enabled through platform development that provided increases in applied magnetic field, coupled preheat energy, drive current. Advanced coil designs with internal reinforcement an increase from 10 20 T. An improved laser pulse shape, beam smoothing, thinner entrance foils increased...
Current pulse shaping techniques, originally developed for planar dynamic material experiments on the Z-machine [M. K. Matzen et al., Phys. Plasmas 12, 055503 (2005)], are adapted to design of controlled cylindrical liner implosions. By driving these targets with a current shape that prevents shock formation inside liner, heating is avoided along corresponding decrease in electrical conductivity ahead magnetic diffusion wave penetrating liner. This results an imploding significant amount its...
Sandia has successfully integrated the capability to apply uniform, high magnetic fields (10-30 T) energy density experiments on Z facility. This system uses an 8-mF, 15-kV capacitor bank drive large-bore (5 cm diameter), high-inductance (1-3 mH) multi-turn, multi-layer electromagnets that slowly magnetize conductive targets used over several milliseconds (time peak field of 2-7 ms). was commissioned in February 2013 and been more than 30 up 10 T have produced exciting surprising physics...
Magnetized Liner Inertial Fusion (MagLIF) is a magneto-inertial fusion concept, which presently being studied on the Z Pulsed Power Facility. The concept utilizes an axial magnetic field and laser heating to produce fusion-relevant conditions at stagnation despite peak magnetically driven implosion velocity of less than 100 km/s. Initial experiments demonstrated viability but left open questions about amount energy coupled fuel role that mix played in conditions. In this paper, simple...
Magnetic reconnection is a ubiquitous process in plasma physics, driving rapid and energetic events such as coronal mass ejections. Reconnection between magnetic fields with arbitrary shear can be decomposed into an anti-parallel reconnecting component non-reconnecting guide-field component, which parallel to the electric field. This guide field modifies structure of layer rate. We present results from experiments on MAIZE pulsed-power generator (500 kA peak current, 200 ns rise time), use...
Cylindrical implosion offers a path to extreme material states, reaching considerably higher pressures than planar geometry. However, diagnosing compressed in cylindrical geometry is challenging. Time-resolved velocimetry, standard technique compression, difficult incorporate into experiments. This paper describes the use of photonic Doppler velocimetry (PDV) magnetically driven compression experiments at Sandia Z machine. With this diagnostic, it possible track interior an imploding...
Magnetized Liner Inertial Fusion experiments performed at Sandia's Z facility have demonstrated significant thermonuclear fusion neutron yields (∼1012 DD neutrons) from multi-keV deuterium plasmas inertially confined by slow (∼10 cm/μs), stable, cylindrical implosions. Effective magnetic confinement of charged reactants and products is signaled high secondary DT above 1010. Analysis extensive power, imaging, spectroscopic x-ray measurements provides a detailed picture ∼3 keV temperatures,...
In magneto-inertial-fusion experiments, energy losses such as a radiation need to be well controlled in order maximize the compressional work done on fuel and achieve thermonuclear conditions. One possible cause for high is high-Z material mixing from target components into fuel. this work, we analyze effects of mix performance Magnetized Liner Inertial Fusion (MagLIF) experiments at Sandia National Laboratories. Our results show that likely produced variety sources, approximately half which...
The rebuilt COBRA pulsed-power generator, which has a variable current-pulse waveform and amplitude (95-150-ns rise time ~1-MA peak current), extended the range of parameters that can be used to study X-pinches. X-pinches with 4-12 wires several different wire materials (from Al W) diameters from 25 75 mum have been studied. influence rate current X-pinch mass on plasma formation pinch implosion dynamics studied using set diagnostics spatial and/or temporal resolution. Multiwire were placed...
In this paper, we present experimental results on axially magnetized (Bz = 0.5 – 2.0 T), thin-foil (400 nm-thick) cylindrical liner-plasmas driven with ∼600 kA by the Michigan Accelerator for Inductive Z-Pinch Experiments, which is a linear transformer driver at University of Michigan. We show that: (1) applied axial magnetic field, irrespective its direction (e.g., parallel or anti-parallel to flow current), reduces instability amplitude pure magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) modes [defined as...
This article re-examines the Brillouin flow solutions in crossed-field diodes, with applications to magnetrons, magnetically insulated line oscillators (MILOs), and transmission lines (MITLs). The are constructed for various geometries, including planar MILOs, MITLs, cylindrical magnetrons electrons flowing azimuthal direction, MITLs MILOs axial radial direction. A common theme of this analysis is that two main external parameters used characterize flow: anode–cathode voltage (...