A5043369108- Pulsed Power Technology Applications
- Gyrotron and Vacuum Electronics Research
- Electrostatic Discharge in Electronics
- Particle accelerators and beam dynamics
- Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics
- Plasma Diagnostics and Applications
- Electromagnetic Launch and Propulsion Technology
- High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena
- Magnetic confinement fusion research
- Nuclear Physics and Applications
- High-pressure geophysics and materials
- Dyeing and Modifying Textile Fibers
- Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Textile materials and evaluations
- Electromagnetic Simulation and Numerical Methods
- Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies
- Thermal Analysis in Power Transmission
- Antenna Design and Optimization
- Electromagnetic Effects on Materials
- Geophysical Methods and Applications
- Ion-surface interactions and analysis
- Power Line Communications and Noise
- Microwave Engineering and Waveguides
- Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena
- Silicon Carbide Semiconductor Technologies
Chengdu University of Information Technology
2024
Sandia National Laboratories
1996-2015
Sandia National Laboratories California
2002-2013
We have developed conceptual designs of two petawatt-class pulsed-power accelerators: Z 300 and 800. The are based on an accelerator architecture that is founded concepts: single-stage electrical-pulse compression impedance matching [Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 10, 030401 (2007)]. prime power source each machine consists 90 linear-transformer-driver (LTD) modules. Each module comprises LTD cavities connected electrically in series, which powered by 5-GW bricks parallel. (A brick a single...
We describe herein a system of self-magnetically insulated vacuum transmission lines (MITLs) that operated successfully at 20 MA, 3 MV, and 55 TW. The delivered the electromagnetic-power pulse generated by Z accelerator to physics-package load on over 1700 shots. included four levels were electrically in parallel. Each level consisted water flare, vacuum-insulator stack, 1.3-m-radius conical outer MITL. outputs MITLs connected parallel 7.6-cm-radius 12-post double-post-hole convolute....
We demonstrate that a wide variety of current-pulse shapes can be generated using linear-transformer-driver (LTD) module drives an internal water-insulated transmission line. The are produced by varying the timing and initial charge voltage each module's cavities. LTD-driven accelerator architecture outlined in [Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 10, 030401 (2007)] provides additional pulse-shaping flexibility allowing modules drive to triggered at different times. output pulses would combined...
Imploding wire arrays on the 20 MA Z generator have recently provided some of most powerful and energetic laboratory sources multi-keV photons, including ∼375 kJ Al K-shell emission (hν ∼ 1–2 keV), ∼80 stainless steel 5–9 keV) a kJ-level Mo 17 keV). While global implosion dynamics these different are very similar, physical process that dominates from x-ray fall into three broad categories. produce column plasma with densities up to ∼3 × 1021 ions/cm3, where opacity inhibits escape photons....
The Z Refurbishment Project was completed in
We have developed a statistical model for the flashover of $45\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ vacuum-insulator interface (such as would be found in an accelerator) subject to pulsed electric field. The assumes that initiation plasma is stochastic process, characteristic component delay time much greater than formative time, and average rate at which flashovers occur power-law function instantaneous value Under these conditions, we find probability given by...
PBFA Z is a new 60 TW/5 MJ electrical driver located at Sandia National Laboratories. The authors use to drive pinches. pulsed power design of based on conventional single-pulse Marx generator, water-line pulse-forming technology used the earlier Saturn and II accelerators. stores 11.4 in its 36 generators, couples 5 TW/105 ns pulse output water transmission lines, delivers 3.0 50 TW energy Z-pinch load. Depending initial load inductance implosion time, one attains peak currents 16-20 MA...
Sandia is modifying the PBFA II accelerator into a dual use facility. While maintaining present ion-beam capability, authors are developing long-pulse, high-current operating mode for magnetically-driven implosions. This option, called II-Z, will require new water transmission lines, insulator stack, and magnetically-insulated lines (MITLs). Each of existing 36, coaxial pulse-forming sections couple to 4.5-/spl Omega/, bi-plate water-transmission line. The then feed four-level stack....
We have conducted dielectric-breakdown tests on water subject to a single unipolar pulse. The peak voltages used for the range from 5.8 6.8 MV; effective pulse widths 0.60 $1.1\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{s}$; and areas tested $1.8\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{5}$ $3.6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}\text{ }{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$. were water-insulated coaxial capacitors. two electrodes of each capacitor outer inner radii 99 56 cm, respectively. Results are...
Sandia National Laboratories is investigating linear transformer driver (LTD) architecture as a potential replacement of conventional Marx generator based pulsed power systems. Such systems have traditionally been utilized the primary for z-pinch wire-array experiments, radiography, inertial fusion energy (IFE) concepts, and dynamic materials experiments (i.e. ICE). We are developing 10-cavity LTD voltage adder that has nominal 1-MV, 1-MA, 1-TW output pulse with 10-90% rise-time ~60-ns FWHM...
During the last few years Sandia is actively pursuing development of new accelerators based on novel technology linear transformer driver (LTD). This effort done in close collaboration with High Current Electronic Institute (HCEI) Tomsk, Russia, where LTD idea was first conceived and developed. drivers are currently considered for many applications including future very high current Z-pinch like ZX IFE (Inertial Fusion Energy), medium adjustable pulse length ICE (Isentropic Compression...
The authors have designed and tested a 10 nH, 1.5 m radius vacuum section for the Z accelerator. consists of four flares, conical 1.3 magnetically-insulated transmission lines (MITLs), 7.6 cm 12-post double-post-hole convolute which connects outer MITLs in parallel, 5 long inner MITL output to z-pinch load. demonstrated they can deliver 100 ns rise-time 20 MA current pulse baseline They reproduce peak within /spl plusmn/1.6%. Power-flow measurements indicate performs as expected until...
Most of the modern high-current high-voltage pulsed power generators require several stages pulse conditioning (pulse forming) to convert multi-microsecond pulses Marx generator output 40-300 ns required by a number applications including x-ray radiography, high current linear accelerators, Z-pinch, isentropic compression (ICE), and inertial fusion energy (IFE) drivers. This makes devices large, cumbersome operate, expensive. Sandia, in collaboration with other institutions, is developing...
Most of the modern high-current high-voltage induction linacs require several stages pulse conditioning (pulse forming) to convert multi-microsecond pulses Marx generator output 40-100 ns required for a cell cavity. This makes devices large, cumbersome operate, and expensive. In present design we eliminate Marxes pulse-forming networks instead utilize new technology recently implemented at Institute High Current Electronics in Tomsk (Russia). Each inductive voltage adder cavity is directly...
We have demonstrated operation of a 3.35-m-diameter insulator stack at 158 kV/cm with no total-stack flashovers on five consecutive Z-accelerator shots. The consisted +45/spl deg/-profile 5.715-cm-thick crosslinked-polystyrene (Rexolite-1422) rings, and four anodized-aluminum grading rings shaped to reduce the field cathode triple junctions. width voltage pulse 89% peak was 32 ns. compare this result new empirical flashover relation developed from previous small-insulator experiments...
An experiment platform has been designed to study vacuum power flow in magnetically insulated transmission lines (MITLs). The is driven by the Mykonos-V LTD accelerator drive a coaxial MITL with millimeter-scale anode-cathode gap. experiments conducted quantify current loss respect pumpdown time and pressure. gaps between 1.0 mm 1.3 were tested. results revealed large differences performance for gaps. gap resulted losses of 40%–60% peak current. less than 5% Classical models that neglect...
The LTD technological approach can result in very compact devices that deliver fast, high current and voltage pulses straight out of the cavity without any complicated pulse forming pulse-compression network. Through multistage inductively insulated adders, output pulse, increased amplitude, be applied directly to load. Because rise time width easily tailored (pulse shaped) specific application needs, load may a vacuum electron diode, z-pinch wire array, gas puff, liner, an isentropic...
Sandia has developed PBFA-Z, a 20-MA driver for z-pinch experiments by replacing the water lines, insulator stack, and MITLs on PBFA II with hardware of new design. The PBFA-Z accelerator was designed to deliver 20 MA 15-mg load in 100 ns. modeled using circuit codes determine time-dependent voltage current waveforms at input output MITLs. design vacuum stack dictated drive voltage, electric field stress grading requirements, line MITL interface machine operations maintenance requirements....
With the advancement of intelligent clothing and textile applications, there is a surge in interest demand for wireless systems. Specifically, system requires integration, which involves combining active, passive, antenna components, without affecting mobility. recent development, wearable electronics are intended to be low-profile, lightweight, effortlessly incorporated into everyday life. There various options carrying RF power around system, commonly using conventional two-wire...
The Linear Transformer Driver (LTD) technology can provide very compact devices that deliver fast high current and voltage pulses. output pulse rise time width be easily tailored to the specific application needs. Trains of large number pulses produced with variable inter-pulse separation from nanoseconds microseconds. Most importantly these rep-rated frequencies only limited by capacitor specifications usually is 10Hz. To date we have completed experimental evaluation two (LTD I, LTD II)...
Summary form only given. The transmission line circuit model of the Z machine is used extensively to aid in design and analysis experiments conducted on Z. consists both 1-D 2-D networks lines modeling Z's 36 pulselines, vacuum insulator stack, MITLs, convolute, load [1].
Summary form only given. We have developed conceptual designs of two next-generation petawatt-class pulsed-power accelerators. The are based on the architecture described in Ref. [1]. prime power source both is a system lineartransformer drivers (LTDs) [2,3]. Both use six water-insulated radial-transmission-line impedance transformers [1,4,5] to transport generated by LTDs six-level vacuum-insulator stack. stack connected radial magnetically insulated transmission lines (MITLs); MITLs joined...
As participants in the Technology Options Study for second axis of Dual Axis Radiographic HydroTest (DARHT) facility located at Los Alamos National Laboratories, we have considered several accelerator concepts based on inductive voltage adder (IVA) technology. The design requirements IVA approach include: /spl ges/12-MeV beam energy; sim/60-ns electrical pulse width; les/40-kA electron current; sim/1-mm diameter e-beam; four pulses same or as close possible to that axis; and an architecture...
Summary form only given. Sandia in collaborations with a number of other institutions, is developing new paradigm pulsed power technology: the Linear Transformer Driver (LTD) technology. This approach can provide very compact devices that deliver fast high current and voltage pulses. The output pulse rise time width be easily tailored to specific application needs. We have extensively tested several induction LTD flat doughnut-shaped cavities which are 3 m diameter 1.8 bore ~20 cm thickness,...