Although all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries (ALIBs) have been believed as the ultimate safe battery, their true character has an enigma so far. In this paper, we developed all-inclusive-microcell (AIM) for differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis to clarify degree of safety (DOS) ALIBs. Here AIM possesses all battery components work a by itself, and DOS is determined total heat generation ratio (ΔH) ALIB compared with conventional LIB. When = 100%, exactly same that LIB; when 0%,...

The diffusion coefficient of Li+ ions (D(Li)) in the battery material LixCoO2 has been investigated by muon-spin relaxation (mu+SR). Based on experiments zero and weak longitudinal fields at temperatures up to 400 K, we determined fluctuation rate (nu) muons due their interaction with nuclear moments. Combined susceptibility data electrostatic potential calculations, clear ion was detected above approximately 150 K. D(Li) estimated from nu very good agreement predictions first-principles...

Lithium titanium oxide Li[Li1/3Ti5/3]O4 (LTO) is regarded as an ideal electrode material for lithium-ion batteries because of its "zero-strain" characteristic, high thermal stability, and structural stability. Here, the zero-strain means that change in cubic lattice parameter negligibly small during charge discharge reactions. We performed ex situ Raman spectroscopy on Li1+x[Li1/3Ti5/3]O4 samples with 0 ≤ x 0.94 to gain information about relationship between a reaction scheme at atomic...

Lithium diffusion in spinel ${\mathrm{Li}}_{4}{\mathrm{Ti}}_{5}{\mathrm{O}}_{12}$ and ${\mathrm{LiTi}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ compounds for future battery applications has been studied with muon spin relaxation (${\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}\mathrm{SR})$. Measurements were performed on both thin-film powder samples the temperature range between 25 500 K. For above about $\ensuremath{\sim}200\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, field distribution width ($\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}})$ is found to...

The most simple and clear advantage of Na-ion batteries (NIBs) over Li-ion (LIBs) is the natural abundance Na, which allows inexpensive production NIBs for large-scale applications. However, although strenuous research efforts have been devoted to particularly since 2010, certain other advantages largely overlooked, example, their low-temperature power cycle performances. Herein, we present a comparative study spirally wound full-cells consisting Li0.1Na0.7Co0.5Mn0.5O2 (or Li0.8Co0.5Mn0.5O2)...

The magnetism of ${\mathrm{Li}}_{x}{\mathrm{CoO}}_{2}$ (LCO), which has a similar structure to ${\mathrm{Na}}_{x}{\mathrm{CoO}}_{2}$ (NCO), been investigated by muon-spin spectroscopy and susceptibility measurements using samples with $x=0.1--1$ prepared an electrochemical reaction. In the $x$ range below 0.75, LCO was found be Pauli paramagnetic down 1.8 K, suggesting intermediate- or weak-coupling regime, although disordered local moments, volume fractions $\ensuremath{\sim}20%$, appear at...

In order to elucidate the effect of Ni ions in Li layer on magnetism and diffusion ${\text{LiNiO}}_{2}$, we have measured muon-spin rotation relaxation $({\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}\text{SR})$ spectra for polycrystalline ${\text{Li}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\text{Ni}}_{1+x}{\text{O}}_{2}$ samples with $x=0.02$, 0.03, 0.15. Weak transverse-field-${\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}\text{SR}$ measurements demonstrated existence a bulk ferromagnetic transition at ${T}_{\text{m}}=48(6)\text{ }\text{K}$ $x=0.03$ sample...

In order to elucidate the antiferromagnetic (AF) spin structure below ${T}_{\mathrm{N}}\ensuremath{\sim}35$ K and clarify diffusive behavior of Li${}^{+}$ ions in layered compound Li${}_{2}$MnO${}_{3}$, we have performed a muon-spin rotation relaxation (${\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}$SR) experiment using powder sample temperature range between 2 500 K. Below ${T}_{\mathrm{N}}$, zero-field (ZF-) ${\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}$SR spectrum showed clear oscillation that consists two precession signals with...

The self-diffusion coefficient of Li+ ions (DLi) in the positive electrode material Lix(Co1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3)O2 has been estimated by muon-spin relaxation (μ+SR) using powder samples with x = 1–0.49, which were prepared an electrochemical reaction a Li-ion battery. Here, since implanted muons sense slight change internal magnetic field due to Li-diffusion, μ+SR provides intrinsic DLi through temperature dependence nuclear fluctuation rate (ν) [Sugiyama et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 2009, 103,...

Stoichiometric lithium cobalt oxide LiCoO2 is known to exhibit several structural phase transitions with x in LixCoO2 at ambient temperature (T); e.g., an initial rhombohedral (R3̅m) transforms into a monoclinic (C2/m) ∼ 0.5. In contrast, overstoichiometric (Li)3b[LiδCo1−δ]3aO2−δ δ ≥ ∼0.02, where the Li+ ions 3a (Co) site, maintains R3̅m symmetry until 0.5 Lix(LiδCo1−δ)O2−δ T, and this reason why such material has been widely used commercial ion batteries. We performed X-ray diffraction...

The quasi-one-dimensional (Q1D) cobalt oxides A(N + 2)Co(n 1)O(3n 3) (A = Ca, Sr, and Ba, n 1 - infinity) were investigated by muon-spin spectroscopy under applied pressures of up to 1.1 GPa. relationship between the onset Néel temperature T(on)(N) interchain distance (d(ic)), which increases monotonically with n, is well fitted formula T(N)/T(N,0) (1 d(ic)/d(ic,o)(beta), here for approximately 100 K Ca(3)Co(2)O(6) (n 1) 15 BaCoCoO(3) infinity at ambient P. d(ic) curve also predicts a large...

In order to elucidate the magnetic nature of lithium chromium dioxide ${\text{LiCrO}}_{2}$, in which ${\text{Cr}}^{3+}$ ions form a two-dimensional triangular lattice ${\text{CrO}}_{2}$ plane, we have performed positive muon-spin rotation and relaxation $({\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}\text{SR})$ experiment using powder sample temperature range 1.7--155 K. Weak-transverse-field measurements indicated existence bulk antiferromagnetic (AF) transition at ${T}_{N}=61.2\text{ }\text{K}$. Below ${T}_{N}$,...

Although Li[Li1/3Ti5/3]O4 (LTO) has been considered as an ideal electrode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) because of its "zero-strain" character, initial LTO exhibits high Li conductivity (σLi) at temperatures (T). In this paper, to clarify the inter-relation between LTO's Li-diffusive nature and structural environment, we performed a systematic study on using X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements Raman spectroscopy. The average static information obtained by XRD suggested that...

The nature of the magnetic transition half-filled triangular antiferromagnet ${\mathrm{Ag}}_{2}{\mathrm{NiO}}_{2}$ with ${T}_{\mathrm{N}}=56\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ was studied positive muon-spin-rotation and relaxation $({\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}\mathrm{SR})$ spectroscopy. Zero field ${\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}\mathrm{SR}$ measurements indicate existence a static internal at temperatures below ${T}_{\mathrm{N}}$. Two components slightly different precession frequencies wide...

To gain an insight into the inter-relationship between electrochemical properties and magnetism of , magnetic nature two different samples was investigated by dc-susceptibility measurements. One prepared a single-step solid-state reaction technique [ in cubic phase (LNMO-C)], while other two-step (LNMO-P)]. According to structural analyses, LNMO-C assigned as "nonstoichiometric ," whereas LNMO-P stoichiometric . Both exhibited ferromagnetic (FM) behavior below However, FM parameters for...

Lithium cobalt dioxide (LiCoO${}_{2}$) belongs to a family of layered CoO${}_{2}$-based materials and has considerable interests in both fundamental physics technological applications lithium-ion batteries. We report the results structural, electrochemical, magnetic susceptibility (\ensuremath{\chi}), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), muon-spin rotation relaxation (\ensuremath{\mu}SR) measurements on powder Li${}_{x}$${}_{0}$CoO${}_{2}$ samples, where nominal Li/Co ratios (${x}_{0}$)...

Tetragonal structured LiMnO2 (t-LiMnO2) samples were synthesized under pressures above 8 GPa and investigated as a positive electrode material for lithium-ion batteries. Rietveld analyses based on X-ray diffraction measurements indicated that t-LiMnO2 belongs to γ-LiFeO2-type crystal structure with the I41/amd space group. The charge capacity during initial cycle was 37 mA h g-1 at 25 °C, but improved 185 40 °C an average voltage of 4.56 V vs. Li+/Li. This demonstrated superiority over other...

In spite of numerous experimental and theoretical reports on ${\text{LiNiO}}_{2}$, no consistent picture has emerged the nature its ground state. We have investigated ${\text{Li}}_{x}{\text{NiO}}_{2}$ system $(0.1\ensuremath{\le}x\ensuremath{\le}1)$ by means muon-spin spectroscopy susceptibility to gain further insight from effects varying magnetic ion concentration. Static order, most likely be incommensurate spatial lattice period, was found for $x\ensuremath{\ge}0.6$ at low temperatures...

To obtain positive electrode materials with higher energy densities (Ws), we performed systematic structural and electrochemical analyses for LiCoxMn2–xO4 (LCMO) 0 ≤ x 1. X-ray diffraction measurements Raman spectroscopy clarified that the samples 0.5 are in single-phase of a spinel structure Fd3̅m space group, whereas ≥ 0.75 mixture spinel-phase Li2MnO3 phase C2/m group. The x-dependence discharge capacity (Qdis) indicated broad maximum at = 0.5, although average operating voltage (Eave)...

Lithium manganese oxides have received much attention as positive electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries. In this study, a post-spinel material, CaFe2O4-type LiMn2O4 (CF-LMO), was synthesized at high pressures above 6 GPa, and its crystal structure electrochemical properties were examined. CF-LMO exhibits one-dimensional (1D) conduction pathway Li ions, which is predicted to be superior the three-dimensional these ions. The stoichiometric spinel (SP-LMO) decomposed into three phases...