An efficient gain-flattened L-band optical amplifier is demonstrated using a hybrid configuration with distributed Raman (DRA) and an erbium-doped fiber (EDFA) for 160 × 10-Gb/s dense wavelength division multiplexed system at 25-GHz interval. With input signal power of 3 mW, flat gain >; 10 dB obtained across the frequency range from 187 to 190.975 THz variation <; 4.5 without any gain-flattening technique. The output 3-mW optimum also highest value (>; 8.9 dBm) ever reported DRA-EDFA...

For the first time, a novel flat-gain optical amplifier is proposed using hybrid configuration with an Er-Yb co-doped waveguide (EYDWA) and semiconductor (SOA) for 100 × 10-Gb/s dense wavelength division multiplexed system at 0.2 nm interval. With EYDWA-SOA amplifier, flat gain of obtained across effective bandwidth variation order 0.75 dB without any clamping techniques. It observed that when used as booster distributed Raman erbium doped fiber reduced from 2.01 to ~ 1.15 efficiently...

ABSTRACT Dynamic burst size selection is a challenging process in the optical switching (OBS) networks for efficient assembly. In this manuscript, dynamic burst‐size assembly approach proposed to standardize data OBS networks. The utilizes hysteresis properties decider module (BSDM) decide size. inculcation of algorithm (DBAA) focuses on nonlinear features handle blocking problem during process. DBAA involves priority evaluator mechanism determine importance each incoming packet at ingress...

Abstract This article proposes various combinations of optical amplifiers for a dense wavelength division multiplexed system and investigates the impact reduced channel spacing at high bit rates in terms quality factor, error rate, eye closure, output power. It is reported that hybrid amplifier (Raman–erbium-doped fiber [EDFA]) provides better results with maximum covered single span distance (220 km) 6.25 GHz. The acceptable rate 12.5-GHz also investigated, recommendation provided...

Hybrid optical amplifiers (HOAs) are crucially important for broadband band amplification, and widely deployed in high-capacity dense wavelength division multiplexed systems. We summarize the present state-of-the-art this rapidly growing field. In addition, theoretical background various inline configurations of have been presented. Various issues such as gain flatness, bandwidth, transient effect, crosstalk were presented HOAs. Results show that HOAs provide better flatness without using...

All-optical signal processing plays an important role in the development of ultrahigh speed optical networks. logic schemes, such as OR, AND, NOT, and XOR gates, are projected using semiconductor amplifiers. Further, to verify results proposed logical half adder has also been realized achieved accurate performance. The schemes omit requirement for delay line or costly O-E-O conversions which makes system flexible.

The focus of this work is to consolidate a review accomplished research in the field optical code division multiple accesses (OCDMA), outline state-of-the-art comparison, and recognize prominent trends as well limitations. Code access (CDMA) has prospered vital solution for numerous applications such cellular mobile communication-based wireless network technology wired/wireless local area networks that include areas unlicensed industry, medicine, science. Due commercial utilization various...

We propose a new optical data format based on simultaneously modulating nonreturn-to-zero and polarization-shift-keying for high-speed applications by means of efficient utilization bandwidth. To the best our knowledge, this article reports first investigation Raman erbium-doped fiber amplifier hybrid using hybrid/orthogonal modulation technique in scenario 8- 20-channel dense wavelength division multiplexed systems with high-data rates at 0.2 0.8 nm channel spacing, respectively. The...

In this work, delay-lines loaded broadband reflectarray antenna is proposed for X-band applications. The array cells contain slotted square patch and quad meander delay-lines. elements are combined with to increase the reflection phase range. A smooth linear variation of 650° realized through varying length unit element resonant behavior observed an equivalent circuit model approach. simulated measured on a low-cost FR-4 substrate. 23 × designed using hybrid finite boundary integral (FEBI)...