Food Security refers to the state in which every individual, without exception, possesses both physical and economic means obtain an adequate amount of nutritious food that caters their dietary requirements, enabling them lead active healthy lives. India has been ranked 105th out 124 countries Global Hunger Index 2024. Despite remarkable progress production transition from being a importer 1960s becoming major exporter now, placed under “serious” category terms hunger. Securing security is...

Abstract This paper investigates the performance of 40 Gb/s vestigial sideband (VSB) modulation under various second-order polarization mode dispersion (PMD) models. A comparative study reveals that planar sweep model demonstrates lower bit error rates (BER) and better eye opening compared to Bruyere EMTY Key insights on received optical power differential group delay (DGD) effects are also presented.

World is shrinking each day through the use of Internet and people are communicating better than before in this widely distributed network. There a great need to manage communication over various networks supporting different specifications. One used techniques for type data management XML interchange format. Google developers recently introduced Protocol Buffer as an alternative claiming that it overcomes shortcomings suffered by XML. This paper compares formats extensive analysis two. The...

Spectral amplitude coded Optical code division multiple access technique (SAC-OCDMA) has become a major area of research in optical communication. OCDMA allows users to medium simultaneously without any contention. It ability operate asynchronously, provide privacy and security reduce user interference. In this paper performance SAC-OCDMA with Multi-diagonal (MD) Diagonal double weight (DDW) FSO communication system is presented compared under different conditions rain haze. 10 simultaneous...

“The design of this project for induction motor can transform the nonlinear torque-speed characteristics to constant similar that a DC motor.” This is meant control torque using fuzzy logic controllers by Direct Torque Control (DTC). DTC method yields slow response during start up and change in either direction flux. Also large small errors flux are not distinguishable so overcome these drawbacks, applied method. Standard applications account 70% all variable speed drives installed...

A design of a nanooptical sensor, i.e. hybrid Bragg gratings over photonic crystal waveguide is proposed to monitor the strain, temperature, and vibration simultaneously. The shift in wavelength, red (towards right) blue left), observed response applied vibration, respectively. sensor gives better performance measure strain (with 9 nm wavelength shift), temperature 8 shifting), 10 shifting).

For multi parameter optimization of Raman Fiber Amplifier (RFA), a simple genetic algorithm is presented in the scenario 320 channel Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexed (DWDM) system at spacing 25 GHz. The large average gain (> 22 dB) observed from optimized RFA with parameters, such as 39.6 km length counter-propagating pumps tuned to 205.5 THz and 211.9 pump powers 234.3 mW, 677.1 mW respectively. flattening filter (GFF) has also been further reduce ripple across frequency range 190...

We present a simple genetic algorithm implemented to perform multiparameter optimization of Raman fiber amplifier for 100-channel L-band dense wavelength division multiplexed system at 25-GHz interval. The is investigated various cases with fixed pump frequency leading 202.2-THz as the best choice average gain above 19.5 dB. There evidence show that single counterpropagating optimized 588.2-mW power level and optimum length 38.8 km presents small variation (<2 dB ) over an effective...

The effect of strain on civil structures is experimentally studied using fiber Bragg grating (FBG). genetic algorithm implemented to optimize the multiple parameters (Poisson's ratio, photoelastic coefficient P11, and P12) proposed sensor. optimized results helped in increasing sensitivity terms wavelength shift. It observed that FBG provides maximum shift 38.16 nm with Poisson's ratio 1.94, P11 1.994, P12 1.8103.

This article highlights the possible origin, occurrence, and environmental pathways of microplastics (MPs) in synthetic textile sector. It focused on comprehensive knowledge MP industry, emphasizing importance an integrated approach to addressing its extensive consequences. The emission MPs during production textiles including spinning, weaving, dyeing, printing, or finishing. found that many small fragments, microfibres, sequins, buttons, foams, other packaging materials made up plastics...

Multiprotocol Label Switching is the protocol framework on which attention of network service provider focused as it provides privacy and unbreakable security to users.So, used by ISP Backbone Network form MPLS Tunneling architecture like VPN discussed in this paper.Providers typically offer type large corporate customers that require IP connectivity other remote sites.The main advantage over Layer 2 3 protocols.It also discusses concept Traffic Engineering utilizes proves be advantageous...

We describe a new implementation of the Bernstein-Vazirani algorithm which relies on fact that polarization states classical light beams can be cloned. explore possibility computing with waves and discuss optical model capable implementing any (on $n$ qubits) does not involve entanglement. The (with suitably modified oracle), wherein hidden bit vector is discovered by one oracle query as against queries required classically, belongs to this category. In our scheme, also $f(x)$ for given $x$,...

An efficient and highly sensitive fiber Bragg grating optical sensor is demonstrated to detect strain corrosion in civil structures. The sensitivity of the enhanced after examining different shapes, lengths, refractive indexes core. experimental results show that proposed uniform grated with 1.46 index 50,000 μm length provides better terms wavelength shift (approximately 3 nm). theoretical are also compared for validation, it observed can monitor strain/corrosion high speed.