Chilgoza pine is an economically and ecologically important evergreen coniferous tree species of the dry rocky temperate zone, a native south Asia. This rated as near threatened (NT) by International Union for Conservation Nature (IUCN). study hypothesized that climatic, soil topographic variations strongly influence distribution pattern potential habitat suitability prediction pine. Accordingly, this was aimed to document under varying environmental scenarios using 37 different variables....

Hyperspectral images (HSI) are a powerful source of reliable data in various remote sensing applications. But due to the large number bands, HSI has information redundancy, and methods often used reduce spectral bands. Band selection (BS) is as preprocessing solution volume, increase processing speed, improve methodology accuracy. However, most conventional BS approaches unable fully explain interaction between bands evaluate representation redundancy selected band subset. This study first...

The present study is designed to monitor the spatio-temporal changes in forest cover using Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information system (GIS) techniques from 1990 2017. Landsat data (Thematic mapper [TM]), 2000 2010 (Enhanced Thematic Mapper [ETM+]), 2013 2017 (Operational Land Imager/Thermal Infrared Sensor [OLI/TIRS]) were classified into classes termed snow, water, barren land, built-up area, forest, vegetation. method was built multitemporal images machine learning Support...

The landscape of Pakistan is vulnerable to flood and periodically affected by floods different magnitudes. aim this study was aimed assess the flash susceptibility district Jhelum, Punjab, using geospatial model Frequency Ratio Analytical Hierarchy Process. Also, considered eight most influential flood-causing parameters are Digital Elevation Model, slop, distance from river, drainage density, Land use/Land cover, geology, soil resistivity (soil consisting rocks formation) rainfall...

The frequency and intensity of extreme heat events have been increasing due to the combined effects global climate change urbanization. Urban green infrastructure, including urban blue space, has recognized as an effective measure mitigate heat. However, infrastructure on health risk were insufficiently addressed. To address this gap, we conducted a comprehensive assessment in megacity Beijing with rapidly aging population. Various data sources collected, remote sensing images,...

Cropland mapping via remote sensing can provide crucial information for agri-ecological studies. Time series of imagery is particularly useful agricultural land classification. This study investigated the synergistic use feature selection, Object-Based Image Analysis (OBIA) segmentation and decision tree classification cropland using a finer temporal-resolution Landsat-MODIS Enhanced time in 2007. The enhanced extracted 26 layers Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) five NDVI Series...

Pakistan is a flood-prone country and almost every year, it hit by floods of varying magnitudes. This study was conducted to generate flash flood map using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) frequency ratio (FR) models in the ArcGIS 10.6 environment. Eight flash-flood-causing physical parameters were considered for this study. Five based on digital elevation model (DEM), Advanced Land Observation Satellite (ALOS), Sentinel-2 satellite, including distance from river drainage density slope,...

Urban heat islands (UHI) can lead to multiple adverse impacts, including increased air pollution, morbidity, and energy consumption. The association between UHI effects land cover characteristics has been extensively studied but is insufficiently understood in inland cities due their unique urban environments. This study sought investigate the spatiotemporal variations of thermal environment relationships with composition configuration Xi’an, largest city northwestern China. Land maps were...

Understanding the spatial growth of cities is crucial for proactive planning and sustainable urbanization. The largest most densely inhabited megapolis Pakistan, Karachi, has experienced massive not only in core areas city, but also city’s suburbs outskirts over past decades. In this study, land use/land cover (LULC) Karachi was classified using Landsat data random forest algorithm from Google Earth Engine cloud platform years 1990, 2000, 2010, 2020. Land classification maps as well an urban...

Understanding the spatiotemporal patterns of urban heat islands and factors that influence this phenomenon can help to alleviate stress exacerbated by warming strengthen heat-related resilience, thereby contributing achievement United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. The association between surface island (SUHI) effects land use/land cover features has been studied extensively, but situation in tropical cities is not well-understood due lack consistent data. This study aimed explore...

The significance of edaphic factors in describing forest vegetation patterns is becoming more well acknowledged, with significant implications for the description biogeographical regions and biome classification, as abundance growth at regional levels. current study examines association Zabarwan mountain range Western Himalayas its factors. To collect data on types, we employed a systematic random sampling strategy 60 plots (0.1 ha) across five types. We investigated using ordination cluster...

Megacities in tropical regions are among the urban centers most vulnerable to increasingly intense heatwaves. However, complex interactions between characteristics and thermal environments yet be fully understood. Here, we investigated relationship land surface temperature (LST) for three megacities savannah climate zone, Chennai, Dhaka, Kolkata. LST values were retrieved from Landsat 8 data, features constructed using digital models, building footprints, satellite imagery. Model-agnostic...

In this research, we used the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) and Geographical Information System (GIS) to predict annual rate of soil loss in District Chakwal Pakistan. The parameters RUSLE model were estimated using remote sensing data, erosion probability zones determined GIS. length slope (LS), crop management (C), rainfall erosivity (R), erodibility (K), support practice (P) range from 0–68,227, 0–66.61%, 0–0.58, 495.99–648.68 MJ/mm.t.ha−1.year−1, 0.15–0.25 1 respectively....

Understanding the seasonal variations in surface urban heat island (SUHI) different local climate zones (LCZs) is crucial to efforts reduce impacts of warming on residents. However, such an understanding constrained by lack land temperatures (LSTs) at both high spatial and temporal resolutions. This study created time series LSTs fusing Landsat 8 satellite data gap-filled MODIS products further analyses SUHI seasonality a semi-arid city, Xi'an, China. The results showed that open building...

The Yellow River Delta (YRD), known for its vast and diverse wetland ecosystem, is the largest estuarine delta in China. However, human activities climate change have significantly degraded ecosystem recent decades YRD. Therefore, an understanding of land use modifications essential efficient management preservation ecosystems this region. This study utilized time series remote sensing data extreme gradient boosting method to generate maps YRD from 2000 2020. Several methods, including...

Understanding the spatial and temporal dynamics of vegetation is essential in drylands. In this paper, we evaluated three indices, namely Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Soil-Adjusted (SAVI) Enhanced (EVI), derived from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Surface-Reflectance Product Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China (XUAR), to assess index time series’ suitability for monitoring a dryland environment. The mean annual VI its variability were generated...

The Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP)’s Operational Line-scan System (OLS) stable nighttime light (NTL) imagery offers a good opportunity for characterizing the extent and dynamics of urban development at global regional scales. However, their ability to characterize intra-urban variation is limited due saturation blooming data values. In this study, we adopted methods Mann-Kendall linear regression analyze from time series Vegetation Adjusted NTL Urban Index (VANUI) 1992 2013...

The extent of wildfires cannot be easily mapped using field-based methods in areas with complex topography, and those the use remote sensing is an alternative. This study first obtained images from Sentinel-2 satellites for period 2015–2020 objective applying multi-temporal spectral indices to assess burned prescribed fires Margalla Hills Pakistan Google Earth Engine (GEE). Using images, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) Burn Ratio (NBR), which are often used severity fires, were...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the taxonomic diversity, richness, and distribution patterns Poaceae in relation abiotic factors Jhelum district Pakistan Himalayas. We used a random sampling technique from 80 grids within 240 sites with rich diversity wild grasses 720 quadrates triplets each site across between 2019 2021 collect data on grass species associated environmental conditions. After evaluating important value index for plant taxa data, we analyzed using ordination...

Landslides are a recurrent environmental hazard in hilly regions and affect the socioeconomic development Pakistan. The current study area is tourism hydro energy hub of Pakistan affected by hazard. A landslide susceptibility mapping (LSM) Hindu Kush Himalayan, Swat District, Pakistan, can be created to reduce demographic losses due landslides. This conducted apply three bivariate models, including weights evidence (WOE), frequency ratio (FR), information value (IV) for an LSM that has not...