Ionic liquids (ILs) have been extensively used in many research and industry fields, including chemical pharmaceutical applications. Nevertheless, during past years, some works revealed that those green solvents fact could present certain toxicity levels. This is the reason why biocompounds from natural sources, such as choline, amino acids, organic for synthesis of ILs showed to be alternatives. means there evidence with low or nontoxic effects synthesized, possibly overcoming major...

The scale-up of the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) process for grape (Vitis vinifera L.) seed was studied from laboratory (0.29 L) to pilot scale (5.15 at 35 MPa and 313 K. criterion adopted consisted maintaining a constant solvent feed ratio (S/F), successfully used predict approximate behavior SFE 17-fold scale-up. Linoleic acid major component extract; palmitic, stearic oleic acids were also detected. economic evaluation showed that it is viable establish plant in Brazil processing...

Amazonian plants possess high amounts of little-explored lipid compounds. Chemical parameters and lipophilic compounds present in twelve oils fats from different were characterized. The fatty acids identified reveal saturated fats, such as babassu oil muru-muru fat (rich lauric acid), ucuhuba (myristic bacuri (palmitic acid). Buriti, pracaxi, patawa showed oleic acid content. Passion fruit seed Brazil nut had levels the polyunsaturated rich linoleic acid. oleaginous unsaturation degree...

In this work, the adsorption of carotenes and phosphorus from crude palm oil onto acid activated bleaching earth was investigated under conditions, i.e. high temperature (90, 105 115 °C) low pressure (less than 50 mbar). Bleaching added to in a range 0.5–3.0 wt%. Results presented work suggest that β-carotene increases with temperature, while less affected. Both pseudo-first-order pseudo-second-order kinetic model describe efficiently experimental data. Intra-particle diffusion is involved...

Abstract Experiments and process simulation enable favourable operating conditions to be determined for the extractive distillation of ethanol—water, with ethylene glycol as a solvent. The solvent molar rate feed ratio S/F = 0·6 reflux R 0·5 were in order achieve at least 99·5 mole % purity ethanol. Other parameters examined include concentration, solvent, number plates. Extractive can used high ethanol low energy consumption under simple conditions.

In the present work phase diagrams of seven fatty acid binary mixtures were obtained by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). These formed capric (C10:0) with lauric (C12:0), myristic (C14:0), palmitic (C16:0), or stearic (C18:0) and (C12:0) (C18:0). The spline technique was used to compare results this prior available in literature for some investigated systems. occurrence eutectic point all systems peritectic observed. can be associated difference number carbon atoms chains mixture....

The predictive UNIQUAC model, previously applied with success to the description of wax formation in fossil fuels, is extended here modeling precipitation saturated and unsaturated fatty acid methyl/ethyl esters. Correlations for thermophysical properties esters are proposed, model evaluated against experimental data binary mixtures. Despite lack accurate cloud points biodiesel, results obtained allow an adequate evaluation showing that it can produce good predictions mixtures

In the present work, a group contribution model is proposed for estimating dynamic viscosity of fatty compounds. For major components involved in vegetable oil industry (such as acids, esters and alcohols, triacylglycerols, partial acylglycerols), optimized parameters are reported. order to improve data bank gathered from literature, were measured function temperature three saturated unsaturated esters, one acid, triacylglycerol. These last two unavailable literature (linolenic acid...

The flash points (FPs) of some pure fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) and their mixtures with ethanol were measured in the present study. An empirical model to predict FPs FAEEs as a function number carbon atoms double bonds residue chain was adjusted predictive equation agrees well experimental data (R2 = 0.9753). NRTL parameters for binary interaction between components + FAEE systems also assuming that they can be expressed residue. Assuming interactions are ideal, prior approach tested...

Abstract Five samples of buriti oil from industrial and artisanal suppliers were characterized in terms nutritional quality parameters (nutraceutical levels) acidity. As a first screening, each sample was analyzed by titration, spectrophotometry an HPLC method, the results compared. expected, showed lower acidity higher levels carotenes tocols (tocopherols tocotrienols). A blend suitable proportions completely analytical physico‐chemical properties, i.e., fatty acid composition, iodine...

Fusel oil is a byproduct obtained from bioethanol distilleries, composed of mixture higher alcohols such as isoamyl alcohol, isobutyl and others. This study aimed to evaluate the industrial distillation process fusel obtain alcohol using Aspen Plus simulator, considering nine components. samples collected in Brazilian mills were analyzed by gas chromatography. An investigation phase equilibrium (vapor–liquid liquid–liquid equilibrium) was carried out for components involved this mixture....

Although studies indicate chemical changes during bleaching such as carotene and unsaturated fatty acids oxidation, which are probably responsible for the color fixation of palm oil, this process is not very clear. The objective study was to investigate effect type amount earth (BE) on final quality refined oils, especially oxidative state color. Two types were tested, one natural (NBE) acid-activated (ABE) (0.5–3.0% w/w). Crude oils bleached at 105 °C, 30 min 50 mmHg pressure. Afterwards, a...

Vegetable oils can be deacidified by liquid−liquid extraction. The difference in polarity between the triglycerides, principal components of oil, and solvent guarantees formation two phases permits removal free fatty acids. A knowledge equilibrium such systems is important, however, if adequate equipment for implementation process to designed. present paper establishes experimental data canola oleic acid, alcohols, subsequently adjusting NRTL UNIQUAC models them calculation activity...

Abstract Viscosity data have been obtained as a function of temperature for seven fatty acids (pelargonic, capric, lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, and oleic) four triglycerides (tricaprilin, tripalmitin, tristearin, triolein) their binary mixtures at temperatures from above melting points to 90°C. The viscosity measurements were performed by using Cannon Fenske glass capillary kinematic viscometers. Modified versions the Andrade equation used correlate viscosities pure triglycerides....

Abstract Surface tension as a function of temperature was measured for four fatty acids (lauric, myristic, palmitic, and oleic) two triglycerides (tricaprylin tripalmitin). These surface measurements were performed using K12 vers. 3.1 (Krüss GmbH) tensiometer at temperatures from 20 (or the melting point each substance) to 90°C. The constants van der Waals‐type correlation well linear equation are presented. Both equations quite accurate, presenting mean deviations not exceeding 0.570%. Such...

This paper develops a post-Keynesian dynamic model of capacity utilisation and growth, in which the supply credit-money is endogenous firms' debt position—and thus financial fragility economy à la Hyman Minsky—is explicitly modelled. The interest rate set by banks as markup over base exogenously determined monetary authority. banking varies with changes utilisation, while ratio rates interest, capital accumulation growth. Regarding dynamics, it shown possibility relating stability properties...

For the first time, solid-liquid phase diagrams of five binary mixtures saturated fatty acids are here presented. These formed caprylic acid (C(8:0))+capric (C(10:0)), capric (C(10:0))+lauric (C(12:0)), lauric (C(12:0))+myristic (C(14:0)), myristic (C(14:0))+palmitic (C(16:0)) and palmitic (C(16:0))+stearic (C(18:0)). The information used in these was obtained by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), FT-Raman spectrometry polarized light microscopy, aiming at a...