Many attempts to measure the wage effects of current labor market discrimination against minorities include controls for worker productivity that (1) could themselves be affected by and (2) are very imprecise measures skill. The resulting estimates residual gaps may biased. Our approach is a parsimoniously specified equation skill with score test administered as teenagers prepared leave high school embark on work careers or postsecondary education. Independent evidence shows this racially...

Journal Article A Theory of Job Shopping Get access William R. Johnson University Virginia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Quarterly Economics, Volume 92, Issue 2, May 1978, Pages 261–277, https://doi.org/10.2307/1884162 Published: 01 1978

Retinal imaging spectroscopy can provide functional maps using chromophore spectra. For example, oxygen saturation show ischemic areas from diabetes and venous occlusions. Obtaining retinal spatial-spectral data has been difficult due to saccades long acquisition times (>5 s). We present a snapshot spectrometer with far-reaching applicability that acquires complete image cube in ~3 ms 450 700 nm 50 bands, eliminating motion artifacts pixel misregistration. Current spectral approaches are...

This paper uses a 1976 microdata base to estimate the marginal cost of reducing income inequality with policy that has distributional effects similar present tax-transfer system. The analysis simulation methodology in which only labor supply are evaluated; other behavioral ignored. most striking finding is quite high even for modest elasticities. For example, benchmark case weighted-average economy-wide uncompensated wage elasticity 0.2 (and compensated 0.31), disposable money upper-income...

Objective: Monitoring athlete internal workload exposure, including prevention of catastrophic non-contact knee injuries, relies on the existence a custom early-warning detection system. This system must be able to estimate accurate, reliable, and valid musculoskeletal joint loads, for sporting maneuvers in near real-time during match play. However, current methods are constrained laboratory instrumentation, labor cost intensive, require highly trained specialist knowledge, thereby limiting...

The accurate prediction of 3D ground reaction forces and moments (GRF/Ms) outside the laboratory setting would represent a watershed for on-field biomechanical analysis.To extricate biomechanist's reliance on embedded force plates, this study sought to improve an earlier Partial Least Squares (PLS) approach by using deep learning predict GRF/Ms from legacy marker-based motion capture sidestepping trials, ranking multivariate regression five convolutional neural network (CNN) models.In...

The application of artificial intelligence techniques to wearable sensor data may facilitate accurate analysis outside controlled laboratory settings—the holy grail for gait clinicians and sports scientists looking bridge the lab field divide. Using these techniques, parameters that are difficult directly measure in-the-wild, be predicted using surrogate lower resolution inputs. One example is prediction joint kinematics kinetics based on inputs from inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensors....

We present results of field evaluations computed tomography imaging spectrometer (CTIS) systems, using an adaptive optics (AO) compensated telescope, for applications in astronomical multispectral and spectroscopy both visible (0.4 - 0.7 μm) near infrared (1.2 2.1 bands. develop analyze a convolution model this hyperspectral method which includes representation the effects AO system. use expectation maximization, with additional prior constraints derived from physics instrumental,...

We present an approach for rapidly and quantitatively mapping tissue absorption scattering spectra in a wide-field, noncontact imaging geometry by combining multifrequency spatial frequency domain (SFDI) with computed-tomography spectrometer (CTIS). SFDI overcomes the need to spatially scan source, is based on projection analysis of periodic structured illumination patterns. CTIS provides throughput advantage simultaneously diffracting multiple spectral images onto single CCD chip gather at...

Evaluating a Simple Method for Estimating Black-White Gaps in Median Wages by William Johnson, Yuichi Kitamura and Derek Neal. Published volume 90, issue 2, pages 339-343 of American Economic Review, May 2000

An experiment to measure the polarization of land, sea, haze, and cloud areas from space was carried aboard Space Shuttle in Sept. 1985. Digitized polarimetric photometric imagery mutually perpendicular planes derived red, green, blue spectral regions photographs taken with two synchronized Hasselblad cameras using type 5036 Ektachrome film. Digitization at NASA Houston Video Digital Analysis Systems Laboratory permitted reduction into equipolarimetric contours a relative accuracy +/-20% for...

This paper estimates racial wage discrimination by industry with a large sample of data on individual worker characteristics, employment, and wages. Governments, regulated industries, nonprofit organizations as group discriminate less in wages than other employers, though much the difference is due to behavior government employer. These results appear contradict employer-taste models associated Becker Alchian-Kessel, which assert that cost-minimizing employers will not under strict...

Experimental results are presented for a computed tomography imaging spectrometer (CTIS) with imposed spatial-spectral modulation on the image scene. This structure CTIS tomographic dispersion created substantial gains in spectral reconstruction resolution after standard iterative, nonlinear, inversion techniques were used. Modulation limits system ambiguities, so high-frequency and low-frequency spatial scene data could be recovered. The demonstrate how acts as deconvolver snapshot...

Colleges and universities display substantial differences in the ratio of students to faculty across fields or disciplines. At Harvard University, for example, economics has about 16 majoring subject per full-time-teaching equivalent, while other departments such as astronomy, Slavic, German, Celtic, number teaching exceeds student majors. We begin by presenting some evidence on extent variation resource allocation field broad changes over last several decades. then consider potential...