In Europe, two fastidious phloem-limited pathogens, ’ Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ (16SrXII-A) and Arsenophonus phytopathogenicus’, are associated with rubbery taproot disease (RTD) syndrome basses richesses (SBR) of sugar beet, respectively. Both diseases can significantly reduce yield, especially when accompanied by root rot fungi. This study investigates the presence, geographic distribution genetic traits pathogens accompanying fungus, Macrophomina phaseolina , found on beet across...

The most commonly cultivated basidiomycetes worldwide and in Serbia are button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus), oyster (Pleurotus sp.) shiitake (Lentinus edodes). Production of their fruiting bodies is severely afflicted by fungal, bacterial, viral pathogens that able to cause diseases which affect yield quality. Major A. bisporus fungal include Mycogone perniciosa, Lecanicillium fungicola, Cladobotryum spp., the causal agents dry bubble, wet cobweb disease, respectively. Various Trichoderma...

ASBTRACTToxicity of twenty-two essential oils to three bacterial pathogens in different horticultural systems: Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli (causing blight bean), Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. (bacterial wilt and canker tomato), Pseudomonas tolaasii (causal agent brown blotch on cultivated mushrooms) was tested. Control diseases is very difficult due antibiotic resistance ineffectiveness chemical products, that offer a promising alternative. Minimal inhibitory bactericidal...

Abstract A study of the in vitro sensitivity 12 isolates Phytophthora infestans to metalaxyl, azoxystrobin, dimethomorph, cymoxanil, zoxamide and mancozeb, was conducted. The derived from infected potato leaves collected at eight different localities Serbia during 2005–2007. widest range EC50 values for mycelial growth recorded metalaxyl. They varied 0.3 3.9 μg mL−1 were higher than those expected a susceptible population P. infestans. 0.16–0.30 0.27–0.57 0.0026–0.0049 2.9–5.0 mancozeb....

Trichoderma species, the causal agents of green mould disease, induce great losses in Agaricus bisporus farms. Fungicides are widely used to control mushroom diseases although is encumbered with difficulties. The aims this study were, therefore, research vitro toxicity several commercial fungicides isolates originating from Serbian and Bosnia-Herzegovina farms, evaluate effects pH light on their growth. majority demonstrated optimal growth at 5.0, rest 6.0. A few also grew well 7. weakest...

Twenty microfungal isolates were collected from diseased fruiting bodies of Agaricus bisporus sampled Serbian mushroom farms during 2003-2007. Based on morphological characteristics and pathogenicity tests, the identified as Cladobotryum dendroides. The C. dendroides A. bisporusF56 U3 tested for sensitivity to several selected fungicides in vitro. found be more sensitive prochloraz manganese flusilazole + carbendazim than other (EC(50) values 0.09 0.11 mg L(- 1), respectively) weakly...

In order to control the causal agent of Verticillium wilt pepper (Verticillium dahliae), efficacy two conventional fungicides, thiophanate-methyl and carbendazim, seaweed concentrate (SWC) from Ecklonia maxima was evaluated in greenhouse conditions. Pepper plants were inoculated with selected V. dahliae isolate stage more than nine fully developed leaves on primary stem. The tested fungicides SWC applied three days before inoculation plants. Carbendazim most efficient fungicide among...

The isolation of bacteria was carried out from samples straw and chicken manure, compost at various stages the composting process casing soil used for growing button mushrooms. A preliminary screening 108 bacterial isolates antagonistic activity against Trichoderma aggressivum f. europaeum showed that 23 tested inhibited mycelial growth pathogenic fungus. Further with four indicator fungi revealed all T. europaeum, harzianum koningii, while only 13 atroviride. proved to be most sensitive,...

Seven fungicide mixtures (epoxiconazol + metconazole, boscalid epoxiconazole, pyraclostrobin prothioconazole tebuconazole, picoxistrobin cyproconazole, azoxystrobin cyproconazole and spiroxamine tebuconazole triadimenol) were evaluated for control of net blotch barley caused by Drechslera teres, as well yield losses, over the 2010 2011 growing seasons. Two applications combination epoxiconazole at rate 1.0 l ha-1 most effective treatment in controlling disease improving both experimental...

Isolates of Cladobotryum dendroides from Serbian mushroom farms and Agaricus bisporus F56 were tested for sensitivity to selected fungicides in vitro. Chlorothalonil was the most toxic fungicide C. isolates (EC(50) values below 1.68 mg L(-1)). Trifloxystrobin kresoxim-methyl not effective growth inhibition exceeded 300 Metalaxyl-M+mancozeb strain A. bisporus, iprodione least toxic. The selectivity indexes both indicated that iprodione, chlorothalonil, captan metalaxyl-M+mancozeb had...

Three copper-based compounds (copper hydroxide, copper oxychloride, sulphate), two antibiotics (streptomycin and kasugamycin) a plant activator (ASM) significantly reduced population sizes spread of C. michiganensis subsp. among tomato seedlings in the greenhouse. Streptomycin had best effect reducing pathogen size all sampling regions. Moreover, this antibiotic completely stopped region most distant from inoculum focus. Copper hydroxide mixed with streptomycin limited population, compared...

Six essential oils (EOs) extracted from plants originating in Serbia were assayed for inhibitory and fungicidal activity against a major fungal pathogen of button mushroom causing green mould disease, Trichoderma agressivum f. europaeum. The strongest was demonstrated by the basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) peppermint (Mentha piperita L.). Medium antifungal St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum walnut [Juglans regia (F)] also recorded. Oils yarrow (Achillea millepholium juniper (Juniperus...

A survey of in vitro and vivo sensitivity Pythuim aphanidermatum to several commercial fungicides a biofungicide was undertaken. An isolate P. pathogenic pepper collected from naturally infested greenhouse soil Smederevska Palanka, Serbia. The sensitive all tested products. obtained EC50 values were as follows: 10.21 mg/l for propamocarb-hydrochloride, 302.65 fosetyl-Al, 11.18 mancozeb, 1.27 mefenoxam, 0.05 azoxystrobin, 175.33 tea tree oil. Under conditions, fosetyl-Al the most efficient...

Twenty isolates were isolated from diseased fruiting bodies of Agaricus bisporus collected Serbian mushroom farms during 2003-2007. The formed white, cottony, aerial colonies on agar media. With age, conidia and turned yellow redish. Pathogenicity these was confirmed by inoculation harvested basidiomes A. casing inoculation. Symptoms similar to natural infection recorded. Based pathogenicity tests morphological characteristics, the identified as Cladobotryum dendroides (Bulliard : Fries) W....

A survey of in vitro sensitivity twelve isolates the Phytophthora infestans to fluazinam, fosetyl-Al and propamocarb-hydrochloride was conducted. The were isolated from infeceted potato leaves collected eight different localities Serbia during 2005-2007. All P. sensitive tested fungicides. obtained values resistance factor range 1.0 2.8. EC50 fluazinam 0.14 0.27 mg l-1, 30.2 85.8 between 12.1 31.1 respectively.

In vitro antibacterial activity tests of seven biofungicides (Ekstrasol, Bisolbisan, Bisolbifit, Serenade, Sonata, Timorex, F-Stop) and two disinfectants (colloidal silver alone in combination with hydrogen peroxide) against the Pseudomonas tolaasii strain (NS3B6) were carried out by disc-diffusion, broth microdilution macrodilution method. Biofungicides tested this study did not exhibit any antimicrobial neither one methods used. Disc diffusion method revealed high sensitivity P. to Ecocute...

Antifungal activity of two essential oils, cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum J. Presl) and clove (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merrill & Perry), was evaluated against Cladobotryum dendroides (Bull.) W. Gams Hooz, Lecanicillium fungicola var. (Preuss) Hasebrauk, the causal agents cobweb dry bubble disease cultivated mushroom. Inhibitory fungicidal selected oils assayed using three methods: microdilution, macrodilution fumigant contact method. Comparing all methods, oil showed stronger than both...

The efficacy of new fungicide mixtures in controlling Plasmopara viticola grapevine was evaluated field trials. efficacies Profiler (fluopicolide + fosetyl-Al) and the standard Mikal Flash (fosetyl-Al folpet) were tested at Radmilovac Slankamenacki Vinogradi 2006 2007. Both fungicides exhibited high grape downy mildew. There no significant differencies (96.1-99.7%) (94.9-99.2%). Our experiments showed that investigated mixture fluopicolide fosetyl-Al is highly effective against P. viticola,...

A survey of ware potatoes (a total 1127 samples) from localities in Serbia during two consecutive years resulted detection and identification R. solanacearum 17 tuber samples. The monitoring detected the causal agent bacterial wilt brown rot potato three districts Vojvodina province. In 2011, infection by was confirmed 7 samples tubers (varieties - Saturna, Pirol, Hermes, Panda) West Backa South Districts. 2012, 10 (Lady Claire, Desiree, Panda, Red Fantasy Vineta varieties) districts:...

A study of in vitro sensitivity five Alternaria solani isolates to cooper-oxychloride, chlorothalonil, difenoconazole, pyraclostrobin and a biofungicide based on tea tree essential oil was carried out. The were obtained from infected tomato leaves collected different locations Serbia. tested showed the highest with EC50 values ranging 0.0014 0.0041 ?g ml-1. difenoconazole 0.018-0.037 ml-1, chlorothalonil 2.99-4.54 cooper-oxychloride 13.27-15.63 All A. least sensitive (1323.97-3307.08 l-1).

Plants of 17 bean genotypes were evaluated under greenhouse conditions for their reaction to X. campestris pv. phaseoli, the causal agent common blight beans, following leaf-spray inoculation with bacterial suspension (108 cfu/ml). The plants based on number leaf lesions, and disease severity index (DSI) was calculated. showed various levels susceptibility phaseoli strain VS-1. results both experiments that cultivar Oreol most resistant. genotypes: KB 142, HR-45, Tisa Panonski tetovac also...