Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) systems are becoming increasingly available as a standard equipment in modern commercial vehicles. Their penetration rate the fleet is constantly increasing, well their use, especially under freeway conditions. At same time, limited information openly on how these actually operate and differences depending vehicle manufacturer or model. This represents an important gap because number of ACC vehicles road increases, traffic dynamics freeways may change...

Road vehicles are characterized by increasing levels of automation and it is vital to understand the future impact on transport efficiency. Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) one first most common automated functionalities available in privately owned vehicles. The effect ACC traffic flow has been widely studied making assumptions its operating strategy some important parameters such as response time desired headway. In literature, these usually set low values, based vehicle controller's...

Adaptive cruise control (ACC) systems are standard equipment in many commercially available vehicles. They considered the first step of automation, and their market penetration rate is expected to rise, along with interest researchers worldwide assess impact relation traffic flow stability. These properties currently discussed mainly through microsimulation studies empirical observations, being most common. Experimental observations can draw safer conclusions about behavior such systems, but...

Connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) promise to significantly improve road traffic. To a certain extent, this situation is similar the expectations at end of last century about positive effects that introduction Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) systems would have had on motorway The parallelism interesting because ACC equipped represent first level vehicle automation are now widely available market. In light, studying impacts can help anticipate potential problems related its widespread...

Electrification, automation, and connectivity in the automotive transport industries are gathering momentum, but there escalating concerns over their need for co-optimization to improve energy efficiency, traffic safety, ride comfort. Previous approaches these multiobjective problems often overlook tradeoffs scale differences between objectives, resulting misleading optimizations. To overcome limitations, this article proposes a Pareto-based framework that demonstrably optimizes system...

As connectivity and automation make their way in to transportation systems, they are expected have a forceful impact, drastically changing road transportation. The introduction of autonomous vehicles (AVs) connected (CAVs) is advance safety comfort. But, can also affect characteristics networks, such as capacities, delays efficiency. To foresee important challenges, reinforce potential benefits reduce disadvantages this new disruptive technology, its impacts should be well studied understood...

Abstract Background Surging acceptance of adaptive cruise control (ACC) across the globe is further escalating concerns over its energy impact. Two questions have directed much this project: how to distinguish ACC driving behaviour from that human driver and identify As opposed simulations or test-track experiments as described in previous studies, work unique because it was performed real-world car-following scenarios with a variety vehicle specifications, propulsion systems, drivers, road...

This paper investigates the accuracy and robustness of car-following (CF) adaptive cruise control (ACC) models in reproducing measured trajectories commercial ACCs. To this aim, a general modelling framework is proposed, which ACC CF have been incrementally augmented with physics-based extensions: namely, perception delay, linear or nonlinear vehicle dynamics, acceleration constraints. has applied to Intelligent Driver Model (IDM), Gipps' model, three basic algorithms. These are controllers...

Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) systems have been expected to solve many problems of motorway traffic. Now that they are widespread, it is observed the majority existing string unstable. Therefore, small perturbations in speed profile a vehicle amplified for vehicles following upstream, with negative impacts on traffic flow, fuel consumption, and safety. Increased headway settings provide more stable flow but at same time deteriorates capacity. Substantial research has carried out past decade...

Free-flow movement of vehicles in microsimulation software is usually defined by a set equations with no explicit link to the instantaneous dynamics vehicles. In some cases, car and driver are modeled deterministic way, producing driving behavior, which does not resemble real measurements or style. Depending on research topic, interest capture traffic phenomena, such as shockwave propagation hysterisis. Existing car-following models designed simulate more evolution, rather than vehicle...

UN Regulation 157, the first global regulation regarding type-approval of Automated Driving Systems (ADS), has been adopted in 2021. In it, safety performance requirements are being defined for vehicles automation Level 3, according to SAE J3016, with a limited Operational Design Domain (ODD). particular, three types events that related motorway driving, two models provided distinguish between preventable traffic scenarios, which ADS is expected avoid an accident, and unpreventable accidents...

Drivers' heterogeneity and the broad range of vehicle characteristics on public roads are primarily responsible for stochasticity observed in road traffic dynamics. Understanding behavioural differences drivers (human or automated systems) reproducing behaviours microsimulation attracts significant attention lately. Calibration car-following model parameters is prevalent way to simulate different driving behaviors through randomly injected variation around average parameter values. An issue...

Vehicle automation and cooperation is progressively being introduced in traffic networks. As a consequence research to assess its impacts currently on-going. Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) one of the first automated functionalities available for privately owned vehicles. An experimental study has been conducted investigate key features ACC controller using Global Navigation Satellite System data. The remarks based on data focus controller's reaction time desired gap. Both parameters are...

The existence, source, and characteristics of hysteresis loops in traffic oscillations have been extensively investigated the past decades. At same time, string stability vehicle platoons has also attracted significant attention considered main cause spontaneously emerging oscillations. However, relationship between these two seemingly related properties remains underexplored, leading to deficits knowledge about effect microscopic controllers' operations on macroscopic characteristics....

Road geometry (e.g. slope and curvature) has significant impacts on driving behaviours of low-level automated vehicles (AVs), but it been largely ignored in microscopic traffic models. To capture these effects, this study proposes a generic approach to extend any (free-flow or car-following) models characterized by acceleration functions. end, three model extensions are developed, each which can use different submodels for comparison. Their effectiveness is demonstrated with free-flow that...

Many studies have highlighted the added value of incorporating vehicle dynamics into microsimulation. Such models usually focus on simulation conventional vehicles, failing to account for acceleration electrified vehicles that different power characteristics from those internal combustion engine (ICEV). In addition, none them explicitly dealt with vehicle’s deceleration characteristics. Although it is not commonly considered critical how a decelerates, unrealistic behaviors in simulations...

Abstract Background This work presents a microsimulation study on the topic an uphill network, regarding potential impact of AVs and Cooperative-AVs (Coop-AVs or CAVs), vehicles able to cooperate with infrastructure. The novelty proposed approach is that simulation all performed common hybrid car-following model takes explicitly into account variability in vehicle dynamics driving behaviors. Methods Simulation longitudinal movement individual Different homogeneity levels drivers are tested,...

The safety validation of Automated Driving Systems (ADSs) needs a combination tools to ensure testing in broad range traffic scenarios. Among the others, virtual is expected play major role future. Differently from other methods, allows examining an ADS complex driving scenarios involving several road users and characterized by any level criticality safe, efficient effective way. However, before can be used certification process, proper methodologies have established appropriateness...

The paper explores via simulation analysis how multianticipative adaptive cruise control (M-ACC) can address traffic oscillations with respect to cooperative (CACC) approaches. work is grounded on our previous findings where we suggested a functioning logic and performance characterization of M-ACC. That activity followed manufacturer’s claim that vehicles capable reacting more than one leader ahead are already populating public roads. In this light, M-ACC represents an intermediate solution...