Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is a key technology to meet the user demands in performance and quality of services (QoS) for next generation communication systems. Due large number antennas radio frequency (RF) chains, complexity symbol detectors increased rapidly massive MIMO uplink receiver. Thus, research find perfect detection algorithm with optimal low has gained lot attention during past decade. A plethora algorithms been proposed literature. The aim this paper provide...

The standardization activities of the fifth generation communications are clearly over and deployment has commenced globally. To sustain competitive edge wireless networks, industrial academia synergy have begun to conceptualize next communication systems (namely, sixth generation, (6G)) aimed at laying foundation for stratification needs 2030s. In support this vision, study highlights most promising lines research from recent literature in common directions 6G project. Its core contribution...

Internet of things (IoT) is one key pillars in fifth generation (5G) and beyond 5G (B5G) networks. It estimated to have 42 billion IoT devices by the year 2025. Currently, carbon emissions electronic waste (e-waste) are significant challenges information & communication technologies (ICT) sector. The aim this article provide insights on green (GIoT) applications, practices, awareness, a generalist wireless communications. We garner various efficient enablers, architectures, environmental...

The fourth generation wireless communication (4G) systems have been deployed or are soon to be in many countries. However, with an explosion of mobile devices and services, there still some challenges that cannot accommodated even by 4G, such as the spectrum crises high energy consumption. Wireless system designers facing continuously increasing demand for data rates mobility required new applications therefore started research on fifth (5G) expected beyond 2020. main purpose 5G is planned...

Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is playing a crucial role in the fifth generation (5G) and beyond 5G (B5G) communication systems. Unfortunately, complexity of massive MIMO systems tremendously increased when large number antennas radio frequency chains (RF) are utilized. Therefore, plethora research efforts has been conducted to find optimal precoding algorithm with lowest complexity. The main aim this paper provide insights on such algorithms generalist wireless...

Internet of Things (IoT) connects everything in the smart world, and thus, energy consumption IoT technology is a challenge attractive research area. Motivated by achieving low power IoT, green proposed. This paper provides an overview regarding IoT. It also discusses life cycle which contains design, production, utilization, recycling. Furthermore, technologies such as tags, sensing networks internet are discussed. In addition, studies 5G for cities presented. Finally, future directions...

6G networks have the burden to provide not only higher performance compared 5G, but also enable new service domains as well open door over a paradigm of mobile communication. This paper presents an overview on role and key challenges signal processing (SP) in future systems from conditioning at transmission MIMO precoding detection, channel coding estimation, multicarrier non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) optical wireless communications physical layer security (PLS). We describe core...

With the rapid increase in development of a cellular communication system, remote health monitoring and smart care are improving getting through swift transformation. Currently, we utilizing advance long term evolution (A-LTE) network to support modern care. Nevertheless, hospital/health concern is not fully evolved all around world. The rollout fifth generation (5G) will improve standard However, requirements hospital be different as compared other applications such education, industries,...

In the present scenario, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) waveform technique is playing a significant part in smart hospitals. Still, its impact not effective hospitals due to numerous limitations such as loss of bandwidth use guard band, spectrum leakage, high peak average power (PAPR), detection delay, and thus along. Right now, fifth-generation (5G) employment becoming regularized around world state-of-the-art radio system expected meet all demands High access, massive...

Detection techniques for massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) have gained a lot of attention in both academia and industry. significant impact on the MIMO receivers' performance complexity. Although plethora research is conducted using classical detection theory techniques, deteriorated when ratio between numbers antennas users relatively small. In addition, most are suffering from severe loss and/or high computational complexity real channel scenarios. Therefore, there room...

Future networks communication scenarios by the 2030s will include notable applications are three-dimensional (3D) calls, haptics communications, unmanned mobility, tele-operated driving, bio-internet of things, and Nano-internet things. Unlike current scenario in which megahertz bandwidth sufficient to drive audio video components user applications, future require bandwidths several gigahertzes (GHz) (from tens gigahertz 1 terahertz [THz]) perform optimally. Based on radio frequency...

Massive multiple-input multiple-output (M-MIMO) is a significant pillar in fifth generation (5G) networks where large number of antennas deployed. It provides massive advantages to modern communication systems data rate, spectral efficiency, users serviced simultaneously, energy and quality service (QoS). However, it requires advanced signal processing for detection. The growing MIMO size leads complicated scenarios, which makes the detector design knotty problem. problem also becoming more...

Wireless networks employing millimeter-wave (mmWave) and Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technologies are a key approach to boost network capacity, coverage, quality of service (QoS) for future communications. They deploy symmetric antennas on large scale in order enhance the system throughput data rate. However, increasing number Radio Frequency (RF) chains results high computational complexity more energy requirements. Therefore, solve these problems, this paper proposes...

In this paper, a printed low‐profile antenna with frequency and pattern reconfigurable functionality is designed in three modes. Each mode operates at different bands has several options available for reconfiguration these bands. The proposed consists of eight pin‐diode switches (S1 to S8). S1 S2, installed the radiating patch, are used reconfigurability control operating antenna. rest six (S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8), loaded stubs on rear side antenna, main lobe beam steering. When all off,...

In this Research article, a circularly polarized Dielectric Resonator Antenna (DRA) that operates in the sub-6 GHz spectrum for future 5G New Radio (5G NR) applications has been proposed. The novel design consists of Roman Three shaped conformal metal strip excited through singly fed mechanism. proposed technique is responsible circular polarization by exciting higher-order degenerate modes, i.e., TExδ13 and TEy1δ3.Initially, roman three shape produces narrow 10-dB impedance bandwidth 10.68%...

Green wireless networking has attracted considerable research attention, especially in academics and industry from economic ecological perspectives. Promoting infrastructures by exploiting green power sources the potential to enhance sustainability address adverse impact of conventional sources. A sustainable optimal standalone solar-powered model for cellular base stations urban locations South Korea is proposed this work extend 24-hour uninterrupted supply support LTE (BSs) take advantage...

With the development of wireless mobile communication technology, demand for rate and frequency increases year by year. Existing tends to be saturated, which demands new solutions. Terahertz (THz) has great potential future communications (Beyond 5G), is also an important technique high data transmission in spatial information network. THz application prospects military-civilian integration coordinated development. In China, breakthroughs have been achieved key techniques communications,...

In this paper, low profile frequency reconfigurable monopole antenna is designed on FR-4 substrate with a compact size of 30 mm3 × 20 1.6 mm3. The tuned to four different modes through three pin diode switches. Mode 1 (SW1 SW3 = OFF), covers wideband 3.15–8.51 GHz. For 2 ON, SW2 the proposed resonates at 3.5 shows dual band behavior and 2.6 6.4 GHz in 3 OFF). same bands 2.1, 5 when operating 4 ON). has good radiation efficiency ranges from 70%∼84%, providing adequate average gain 2.05 dBi...

The CO<sub>2</sub> emission level is becoming a serious issue worldwide. continuous increase in gasoline price forms the essential base of development electric vehicle (EV) drives. Moreover, economic and environmental issues relate to fabrication operation traditional powered vehicles. basic considerations perspectives EVs are presented this paper. an efficiently designed motor drive satisfy need efficient characteristics that enable perform as part propulsion unit. use digital...

Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems have been proposed to meet the user demands in terms of performance and quality service (QoS). Due large number antennas, detectors massive MIMO are playing a crucial role guaranteeing satisfactory performance, while their complexity is also being increased. This paper considers several approximate algorithms avoid direct matrix inversion, namely Neumann method, Gauss-Seidel (GS) successive over-relaxation (SOR) Jacobi Richardson...