Abstract Sequence data were generated for portions of the E2 and nsP3 genes 48 salmonid alphaviruses from farmed Atlantic salmon (AS), Salmo salar L . , rainbow trout (RT), Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), in marine freshwater environments, respectively, Republic Ireland, Northern England, Scotland, Norway, France, Italy Spain between 1991 2007. Based on these sequences, those six previously published reference strains, phylogenetic trees constructed using parsimony method. Trees with both...

Bovine reproductive disease attributable to bovine herpes virus-1 (BoHV-1) was first described in Germany the 19th century, being recognised primarily as cause of infectious vulvovaginitis and balanoposthitis until mid-1950s when a more virulent strain virus (BoHV-1.1) associated with respiratory (infectious rhinotracheitis; IBR) emerged western United States. Subsequently, IBR clinical condition Europe, from 1970s onward. While ability BoHV-1 produce is now well recognised, potential...

Intravenous administration to human volunteers of a commercial preparation recombinant C-reactive protein (CRP) produced in Escherichia coli was recently reported this journal induce an acute phase response serum amyloid A (SAA) and CRP itself, activate the coagulation system. The authors concluded that is probably mediator atherothrombotic disease. Here we confirm proinflammatory both for mouse macrophages vitro mice vivo, but show pure natural had no such activity. Furthermore transgenic...

Amplification of avian paramyxovirus serotype 1 (APMV-1)-specific nucleic acid fragments, followed by restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) using BglI, was carried out to type strains according their virulence. Primer sequences were used amplify a 202 base pair fragment, encompassing the fusion protein cleavage site, in one-step reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test for detection range field cases and reference APMV-1. Subsequent REA amplified fragments enabled...

Abstract The present paper describes, for the first time, clinical signs and pathological findings of pancreas disease (PD) in farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), sea water Norway. Similarities differences with reports PD from Ireland Scotland are discussed. Samples 68 trout outbreaks on 14 farms 155 salmon 20 collected 1996 to 2004 were included study. histopathological similar. Acute PD, characterized by acute necrosis exocrine pancreatic...

Abstract A comparative challenge study of six marine isolates representing subtypes 1–6 salmonid alphavirus ( salmon pancreas disease virus , Genus Alphavirus Family Togaviridae ) was conducted in Atlantic a fresh water cohabitation trial. Histopathological lesions typical were observed with all subtypes, and re‐isolated from serum cohabitant fish each case. Using neutralization (VN) test neutralizing (SAV) subtype 1 strain F93‐125, VN antibodies detected groups, consistent serological...

Salmonid alphavirus is the aetological agent of pancreas disease (PD) in marine Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, and rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, with most outbreaks Norway caused by SAV subtype 3 (SAV3). This atypical transmitted horizontally causing a significant economic impact on aquaculture industry. histopathological proteomic study, using an established cohabitational experimental model, investigated correlation between tissue damage during PD number serum proteins associated...

A retrospective analysis was conducted to investigate the prevalence and seasonality of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV), coronavirus (BoCV), herpesvirus‐1 (BoHV‐1), respiratory syncytical (BRSV) parainfluenza virus‐3 (PI3V) in calves (aged three months below) Ireland. Results from real‐time PCR testing, including cycle threshold values, on nasal swabs (single or pooled) submitted 1364 disease outbreaks between January 1, 2008 December 31, 2012 were included this study. One more viruses...

Abstract Many studies report age as a risk factor for BoHV-1 infection or seropositivity. However, it is unclear whether this pattern reflects true epidemiological causation consequence of study design and other issues. Here, we seek to understand the age-related dynamics seroprevalence in seasonal calving Irish dairy herds provide decision support implementation effective testing strategies. We analysed data from taken during two surveys conducted between 2010 2017. Age-dependent profiles...

Abstract A detailed understanding of herd types is needed for animal disease control and surveillance activities, to inform epidemiological study design interpretation, guide effective policy decision-making. In this paper, we present a new approach classify in livestock systems by combining expert knowledge machine-learning algorithm called self-organising-maps (SOMs). This applied the cattle sector Ireland, where can assist with on-going discussions on endemic diseases. To our knowledge,...

Data-driven solutions can support stakeholders' decision-making when managing health and welfare in Atlantic salmon production. While many different types of data are being collected, knowledge about use needs regarding this tools their day-to-day work is limited. The current study explores the status quo using management stakeholders. Fourteen focus group discussions three in-depth interviews were completed analysed Norway, Scotland Ireland with production managers, experts inspectors from...

The major causes of leg weakness/lameness were investigated in two male commercial broiler flocks. numbers dead and lame birds culled from the flocks each day recorded by flock managers. Forty‐four 22 sound examined postmortem during a period six weeks proximal distal end femur, tibiotarsus tarsometatarsus histologically. Attempts made to isolate bacteria viruses femur. Blood samples for antibodies chicken anaemia virus (CAV), infectious bursal disease (IBDV) Mycoplasma species. Bacterial...

There are nine serotypes of avian paramyxovirus (APMV). Only the genome APMV type 1 (APMV-1), also called Newcastle disease virus (NDV), has been completely sequenced. In this study, complete nucleotide sequence an APMV-6 serotype isolated from ducks is reported. The 16236 nt encodes eight proteins, nucleocapsid protein (NP), phosphoprotein (P), V protein, matrix (M), fusion (F), small hydrophobic (SH) haemagglutinin–neuraminidase (HN) and large (L) which flanked by a 55 leader 54 trailer...

A real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed to specifically amplify infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) DNA from field samples. The 222-base-pair PCR fragment amplified using primers located in a conserved region of the infected cell protein 4 gene that demonstrated this work encompass single nucleotide polymorphism. Subsequent restriction length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis fragments range ILTV isolates endonuclease MspI enabled differentiation between older were...

Context.NRAO 150, a compact and bright radio to mm source showing core/jet structure, has been recently identified as quasar at redshift through near-IR spectral observation.

Prospective longitudinal studies of two outbreaks pancreas disease in Atlantic salmon (AS), Salmo salar L., Ireland were conducted. Both occurred during the marine phase production, with one caused by salmonid alphavirus subtype 1 (SAV1) and other SAV4. In addition to screening a range tissues real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RRT-PCR), virological, serological histopathological examinations performed along partial genome sequencing results related environmental...

Animal Health Ireland has produced clear guidelines for the control of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea (BVD) infection in Irish cattle herds. In course developing these it was that a framework regional and/or national BVD would be required to increase uptake at farm level and reduce overall prevalence disease. This paper assessed economic impact BVD, epidemiological aspects disease its control, models international experiences programmes. The technical knowledge test technology exists eradicate BVD....

Abstract The development and the application of a quantitative real‐time PCR for detection Tenacibaculum maritimum are described. A set primers probe was designed to amplify 155‐bp fragment specific T. 16S rRNA gene. test shown be very sensitive, able detect as little 4.8 DNA copies number μL −1 . In addition, assay found have high degree repeatability reproducibility, with linear dynamic range ( R 2 = 0.999) extending over 6 log 10 dilutions efficiency (100%). applied samples extracted from...

The development and the application of a quantitative duplex real-time PCR for detection Neoparamoeba perurans elongation factor α 1 gene (ELF) Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), are described. A set primers probe was designed to amplify 139-bp fragment specific N. 18S rRNA gene. test shown be very sensitive, being able detect as little 13.4 DNA copies per μL corresponding 0.15 fg template DNA. In addition, reaction that detected found have high...

The voluntary phase of an industry‐led national Bovine Viral Diarrhoea (BVD) eradication programme began in Ireland on January 1, 2012 with the goal progressing to a compulsory 2013. development and implementation was informed by review current prior programmes elsewhere Europe extensive stakeholder consultation. based tissue tag testing newborn calves participating herds, status mothers positive or inconclusive results requiring clarification. Participating herd owners were required comply...