For evaluating the significance of renewable alternative fuels for optimized engine performance and lower emissions, methanol has been extensively utilized as a blend with gasoline in spark-ignition engines. However, rare attempts have rendered to examine consequence methanol–gasoline fuel blends (M6, M12, M18) on lubricant oil operating longer period The highest least decrease 9.62% 6.68% kinematic viscosity (KV) was observed M0 M18, respectively. flash point (FP) degraded M6, M18 3%, 5%,...

Audio deepfakes pose significant threats, including impersonation, fraud, and reputation damage. To address these risks, audio deepfake detection (ADD) techniques have been developed, demonstrating success on benchmarks like ASVspoof2019. However, their resilience against transferable adversarial attacks remains largely unexplored. In this paper, we introduce a GAN-based attack framework to evaluate the effectiveness of state-of-the-art (SOTA) ADD systems. By leveraging an ensemble surrogate...

This study explored cumulative 127.5MW waste to energy (WtE) potential in five populous cities of Pakistan based on local characterization profiles and global standards. The 50MW WtE plant Lahore using National electricity regulator codes practices resulted an attractive Levelized cost (LCOE) US¢ 7.86/kWh over 25 years with a $151.5 million investment cost. net savings Waste Management Company can be $103.4 $137.7 respectively without tipping fees account disposal cost, bricks revenue bottom...

The efficiency of embedded systems mainly depends on the process scheduling policy operating running them. Better algorithms make a system fast using less resources for small time. Out some important algorithms, Round Robin algorithm is much efficient. But its fairly choosen time quantum. In this paper, we have developed an efficient Dynamic Time Quantum. Some such already been but they take advantage other and their higher due to sorting processes which practically impossible. So, our goal...

Users of public transport, in developing countries, face a lot problems such as long waits on bus stops and often no arrival after wait. One the novel solutions to problem is display expected times buses respective stops. Many prediction systems have been developed based different techniques.This paper presents transport time system relying real Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) data rather than old-fashioned techniques. Global Positioning System (GPS) for Mobile Communications (GSM) are used...

With the advancement of technology intelligent devices are fast approaching realm necessity from status luxury.With limited energy resources, it is need time to revolutionize traditional methods counting visitors inside hotels, recreational places, meeting rooms and cinemas control electrical appliances.Moreover, improved living standards demand developing circuits that would ease complexity life.Many systems have been developed fill this technological gap but most them not applicable in...

Accurate and timely patients data collection has been a challenge for developing countries. Traditional methods used in epidemic outbreaks proven to be insufficient. Emerging technology calls faster, reliable easy tools. This paper presents the design implementation of mobile based system surveillance especially remote areas. It shows how emerging smart phones can revolutionize traditional methods. An user friendly interface is developed medical staff provide them with much easier than inept...

Abstract Inconel 625 is a nickel‐based alloy with exceptional creep and corrosion resistance properties. It has emerged as candidate material for operational structural use in critical supercritical power generation plants. Supercritical plants work at high temperatures, pressure an erosive environment that makes metallic materials more vulnerable to fatigue. This study aimed evaluate the fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) elevated temperatures (550–650°C) steam water environment. All...

Knowledge distillation (KD) has widely been used for model compression and domain adaptation speech applications. In the presence of multiple teachers, knowledge can easily be transferred to student by averaging models output. However, previous research shows that do not adapt well with such combination. This paper propose use an elitist sampling strategy at output ensemble teacher select best-decoded utterance generated completely out-of-domain generalizing unseen domain. The are trained on...

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is a major oilseed crop grown for edible oil throughout the world, including Pakistan.Drought stress most significant constraint to production in changing climate scenario, and its severity increasing day by day.Less rainfall rising temperatures, particularly during seed-filling phase, reduce achene yield sunflower hybrids.Exogenous application of β aminobutyric acid (BABA) effective reducing terminal drought many plants.Therefore, present study was conducted...

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were created by the United Nations to transform societies and get them ready for new challenges. These objectives have yet be effectively implemented in many fields, nevertheless. main of SDGs been promote sustainable energy production, manage waste sustainably, lessen effects climate change. two factors influencing rapid required growth technology are scarcity fossil resources deterioration our environment. Since economies developing emerging nations...

augmentation to improve low-resource speech recognition.

The combination of spatiotemporal videos and essential features can improve the performance human action recognition (HAR); however, individual type usually degrades due to similar actions complex backgrounds. deep convolutional neural network has improved in recent years for several computer vision applications its spatial information. This article proposes a new framework called video surveillance dubbed HybridHR-Net. On few selected datasets, transfer learning is used pre-trained...

Medical images are the visual representation of organs and their functions. The medical used for finding diseases highly trained professionals interpret these into reports. interpretation requires a lot time in day reports summarization highlighting findings naive person. Enhancing diagnosis through generation summarized along with has immense potential. sensitivity chest x-rays provided by existing techniques not so accurate limitation data also affects training models. Therefore, joint...

In context of commercial applications, robustness a Speaker Identification (SI) system is adversely effected by short utterances. Performance SI systems fairly depends upon extracted feature sets. This paper investigates the effect various extraction techniques on performance i-vectors and x-vectors based Urdu speakers' identification models. The scope this restricted to text independent speaker for utterances (up 4 seconds). demand large data covering sufficient inter-speaker intra-speaker...

This paper presents first step towards Large Vocabulary Continuous Speech Recognition (LVCSR) system for Urdu-English code-switched conversational speech. Urdu is the national language and lingua franca of Pakistan, with 100 million speakers worldwide. English, on other hand, official Pakistan commonly mixed in daily communication. Urdu, being under-resourced language, have no substantial corpus hand to develop speech recognition system. In this research, readily available spontaneous (25...

Abstract This research aims to use low‐cost and easily available chemicals for chemical pretreatment achieve a high yield of fermentable sugars using biodegradable municipal solid waste as substrate. Biodegradable was pretreated with locally toilet cleaner (acidic in nature) washing detergent (basic maximum reducing sugars, two variables; concentration time were selected optimization central composite design. In Central design 13 runs models created while ranges variables 1, 2, 3 days 1%,...