The evolution toward 5G mobile networks is characterized by supporting higher data rate, excellent end-to-end performance and ubiquitous user-coverage with lower latency, power consumption, cost. To support this, the RANs are evolving in two important aspects. One aspect “cloudification,” which to pool baseband units be centralized for statistical multiplexing gain. other use advanced optical technologies digital analog signal transmission a cloud-based RAN. In this article, we focus on BBU...

Microwave photonics (MWPs) uses the strength of photonic techniques to generate, process, control, and distribute microwave signals, combining advantages microwaves photonics. As one main topics MWP, radio-over-fiber (RoF) links can provide features that are very difficult or even impossible achieve with traditional technologies. Meanwhile, a considerable number signal-processing subsystems have been carried out in field MWP as they instrumental for implementation many functionalities....

We experimentally demonstrate a label-free sensor based on nanoslotted parallel quadrabeam photonic crystal cavity (NPQC). The NPQC possesses both high sensitivity and Q-factor. achieved (S) of 451 nm/refractive index unit Q-factor >7000 in water at telecom wavelength range, featuring figure merit >2000, an order magnitude improvement over the previous sensors. In addition, we measured streptavidin-biotin binding affinity detected 10 ag/mL concentrated streptavidin phosphate...

Due to the threat of failure and discrete distribution data center users, research distributed cloud provides real-time services with robustness, reliability security. Faced interconnection, network failures cause mass delay interruption, which do a great damage computing. Many researchers have studied fault location methods in are easy trap local optimum limited by search capability reduce accuracy location, especially when confronted large-scale alarm information. In this article, deep...

We present nanoscale photonic crystal sensor arrays (NPhCSAs) on monolithic substrates. The NPhCSAs can be used as an opto-fluidic architecture for performing highly parallel, label-free detection of biochemical interactions in aqueous environments. consists lattice-shifted resonant cavities side-coupled to a single PhC waveguide. Each cavity has slightly different spacing and is shown independently shift its peak (a narrow drop) response the changes refractive index. extinction ratio...

We propose a novel optical sensor based on one-dimensional (1D) photonic crystal (PhC) single nanobeam air-mode cavity (SNAC). The performance of the device is investigated theoretically. By introducing quadratically modulated width tapering structure, waveguide-coupled 1D-PhC SNAC with calculated high quality factor 5.16×10(6) and an effective mode volume V(eff)∼2.18(λ/n(si))(3) can be achieved. For air mentioned above, light field strongly localized inside region (low index) overlaps...

A novel hybrid time-frequency domain equalization scheme is proposed and experimentally demonstrated to mitigate the white light emitting diode (LED) nonlinearity in visible communication (VLC) systems based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). We handle linear nonlinear distortion separately a OFDM system. The part equalized compensated by an adaptive time equalizer (N-TDE). experimental results show that with only small number of parameters can efficiently LED...

C-RAN has become a promising scenario to accommodate high-performance services, which provides ubiquitous user coverage and supports real-time cloud computing using BBUs. The interaction between RRH BBU or resource schedule among BBUs in have more frequent complex due the development of system-scale requirements. heavy-duty can promote networking demand RRHs BBUs, forces form elastic optical fiber switching according characteristics high bandwidth, low cost, transparent multi-rate traffic...

Cloud radio access network (C-RAN) interconnects thousands of terminal devices to support the services Internet Things (IoT) in 5G area. However, centralized authentication each has been performed mobile core which causes an extremely high operating and capital expenditure network. Traditional C-RAN cannot provide authentic mechanism guarantee security creditability device resource accessing with low cost. We first propose a blockchain-based trusted (BTA) architecture for anonymous (BAA)...

The Q-learning based geographic routing approaches suffer from problems of low converging speed and inefficient resources utilization in VANET due to the dynamic scale Q-value table. In addition, next hop selection on local information can not always be conducive global message forwarding. this letter, we propose an adaptive unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) assisted with Q-Learning. scheme is divided into two components. component, path calculated by fuzzy-logic depth-first-search (DFS)...

To accommodate the heterogeneous requirements of emerging 5G services, Radio Access Network (RAN) will support rising paradigm network slicing, where a single physical RAN infrastructure is divided into multiple logical networks characterized by diverse in terms performance, cost, latency, and security, etc. The optimality slicing depends on various factors, such as slice requirements, resource availability adopted architecture. In 4G, architecture evolved from distributed towards 2-layer...

Reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexer (ROADM) nodes are evolving towards high-degree architectures to support growing traffic and enable flexible network connectivity. Due the complex composition of ROADMs, soft failures may occur between both inter- intra-node components, like wavelength selective switches fiber spans. The intricate ROADM structure significantly contributes challenge localizing inter-/intra-node in ROADM-based networks. Machine learning (ML) has shown be a promising...

Flatband slow light in a ring-shape-hole photonic crystal waveguide (RPCW) has been theoretically investigated. Numerical results show that both the outer and inner radii of first two rows holes adjacent to defect have much affect on properties. Therefore, by appropriately modifying ring-shaped holes, property is successfully optimized. Then we further enlarge flat bandwidth introducing oblique structure. The negligible dispersion bandwidths ranging from 3.57 24.67 nm for group indexes 28...

Based on optical frequency combs (OFC), we propose an efficient and flexible multi-band conversion scheme for satellite repeater applications. The underlying principle is to mix dual coherent OFCs with one of which carrying the input signal. By optically channelizing mixed OFCs, converted signal in different bands can be obtained channels. Alternatively, configured generate local oscillators (LO) widely distribution. Moreover, realizes simultaneous inter- intra-band just a single structure...

Two methods in terms of bandwidth broadening are proposed and compared for monopole slot ultrawideband (UWB) antennas supporting mobile terminal applications. The original antenna has a 9.27 GHz (1.73-11 GHz) that covers PCS1900, UMTS2000, TD-SCDMA, WLAN 802.11b/g or Bluetooth, LTE, WiMAX, UWB frequency range. In this letter, by cutting two new slots on the ground plane, can expand its to 9.33 (1.67-11 is available at extra DVB-H, DCS1800 services. Meanwhile, with conventional mushroom-type...

Inherent multipath diffuse channel characteristics inhibit visible light communications (VLC) system to provide uniform and satisfactory communication performance within the room domain. An evolutionary algorithm based optimization scheme is proposed modify optical intensity of LED transmitters for reducing signal power fluctuation extent. Simulation results show that can efficiently reduce dynamic range up 26.5% while SNR still sufficient keeping BER<;10 <sup...

Abstract Cloud radio access network (C-RAN) becomes a promising scenario to accommodate high-performance services with ubiquitous user coverage and real-time cloud computing in 5G area. However, the network, optical processing unit have been decoupled from each other, so that their resources are controlled independently. Traditional architecture cannot implement resource optimization scheduling for high-level service guarantee due communication obstacle among them growing number of mobile...

Network virtualization is meant to improve the efficiency of network infrastructure by sharing a physical substrate among multiple virtual networks. Virtual embedding (VNE) determines how map request onto substrate. In this paper, we first overview three possible underlying substrates for interdatacenter networks, namely an electrical-layer-based substrate, optical-layer-based and multilayer-based (optical electrical layer) Then, corresponding VNE problems are discussed. The work presented...

The fifth generation of mobile communication is characterized by ultra-dense cellular networks, where massive small cells are deployed in hot spots to increase the network capacity. As a promising technology small-cell scenario, coordinated multipoint (CoMP) proposed improve cell-edge user throughput converting inter-cell interference into useful signals. In this paper, we study how reconfigurable fronthaul enabled optical networks can help CoMP service. According baseband unit (BBU) that...