Natural compounds capable of increasing root depth and branching are desirable tools for enhancing stress tolerance in crops. We devised a sensitized screen to identify natural metabolites regulating traits Arabidopsis β-Cyclocitral, an endogenous compound, was found promote cell divisions meristems stimulate lateral branching. β-Cyclocitral rescued meristematic ccd1ccd4 biosynthesis mutants, β-cyclocitral-driven growth be independent auxin, brassinosteroid, reactive oxygen species signaling...

Significance Root growth in soil is complex. With limited sensory input, roots must navigate an environment containing heterogeneities such as rocks and compaction. The ability of to penetrate crucial for water nutrient uptake well mechanical anchorage. Here, we describe a molecular framework controlling helical root known circumnutation. Functional characterization circumnutation consistent with the hypothesis that it exploratory behavior substrate penetration. This work lays foundation...

The contributions of the Sgs1, Mph1, and Srs2 DNA helicases during mitotic double-strand break (DSB) repair in yeast were investigated using a gap-repair assay. A diverged chromosomal substrate was used as template for gapped plasmid, allowing mismatch-containing heteroduplex (hDNA) formed recombination to be monitored. Overall DSB efficiencies proportions crossovers (COs) versus noncrossovers (NCOs) determined wild-type helicase-defective strains, efficiency CO NCO production each...

Abstract During the transition from darkness to light, a suite of light sensors guides gene expression, biochemistry, and morphology optimize acclimation new environment. Ultraviolet, blue, red, far-red all have demonstrated roles in modulating responses, such as changes expression suppression stem growth rate. However, green wavebands induce elongation, response not likely mediated by known photosensors. In this study, etiolated Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings were treated with...

The root system is critical for the survival of nearly all land plants and a key target improving abiotic stress tolerance, nutrient accumulation, yield in crop species. Although many methods phenotyping exist, within field studies, one most popular extraction measurement upper portion system, known as crown, followed by trait quantification based on manual measurements or 2D imaging. However, techniques are inherently limited information available from single points view. Here, we used...

Single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing generates much longer reads than other widely used next-generation (next-gen) methods, but its application to whole genome/exome analysis has been limited. Here, we describe the use of SMRT coupled with barcoding simultaneously analyze one or a small number genomic targets derived from multiple sources. In budding yeast system, was strand-exchange intermediates generated during mitotic recombination and genetic changes in forward mutation assay....

DNA lesions that block replication can be bypassed by error-prone or error-free mechanisms. Error-prone mechanisms rely on specialized translesion synthesis (TLS) polymerases directly replicate over the lesion, whereas pathways use an undamaged duplex as a template for lesion bypass. In yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae , most mutagenic TLS of spontaneous and induced damage relies polymerase ζ (Polζ) activity. Here, we distinct mutational signature produced Polζ in frameshift-reversion assay to...

As part of the Saccharomyces Genome Deletion Project, sets presumably isogenic haploid and diploid strains that differed only by single gene deletions were constructed. We found one set 96 (containing ORFs located between YOR097C YOR192C) in collection, which was derived from BY4741, has an additional mutation MSH3 mismatch repair gene.

Abstract Small insertions or deletions that alter the reading frame of a gene typically occur in simple repeats such as mononucleotide runs and are thought to reflect spontaneous primer–template misalignment during DNA replication. The resulting extrahelical repeat is efficiently recognized by mismatch repair machinery, which specifically replaces newly replicated strand restore original sequence. Frameshift mutagenesis most easily studied using reversion assays, previous studies...

High-throughput, field-based characterization of root systems for hundreds genotypes in thousands plots is necessary breeding and identifying loci underlying variation traits their plasticity. We designed a large-scale sampling pulling force, the vertical force required to extract system from soil, maize diversity panel under differing irrigation levels two growing seasons. then characterized architecture extracted crowns. found consistent patterns phenotypic plasticity subset differential...

Abstract DNA damage that escapes repair and blocks replicative polymerases is tolerated by bypass mechanisms fall into two general categories: error-free template switching error-prone translesion synthesis. Prior studies of responses in Saccharomyces cerevisiae have demonstrated are critical for survival when a single, high dose delivered, while bypass/tolerance more important the level low continuous (acute chronic damage, respectively). In current study, epistatic interactions between...

The intricate growth patterns that accompany plant organ elongation have long intrigued biologists 1 . Circumnutation refers to the circular or elliptical of tip a around central axis. While utility circumnutation for climbing plants is clear, its function in roots less obvious. Additionally, genetic requirements root are not known. Here we show mutations gene encoding histidine kinase abolish large radius rice. Using gel-based imaging system and whole genome sequenced mutant population,...

Using sensors and electronic systems for characterization of plant traits provides valuable digital inputs to support complex analytical modeling in genetics research. In field applications, frequent sensor deployment enables the study dynamics these their interaction with environment. This focused on implementing lidar (light detection ranging) technology generate 2D displacement data at high spatial resolution extract architectural parameters, namely canopy height cover, a diverse...

Abstract Natural compounds capable of increasing root depth and branching are desirable tools for enhancing stress tolerance in crops. We devised a sensitized screen to identify natural metabolites regulating traits Arabidopsis. β-cyclocitral, an endogenous compound, was found promote cell divisions meristems stimulate lateral branching. β-cyclocitral rescued meristematic ccd1ccd4 biosynthesis mutants β-cyclocitral-driven growth be independent auxin, brassinosteroid, ROS signaling pathways....

Abstract: Early root growth is critical for plant establishment and survival. We have identified a molecular pathway required oscillatory tip movement known as circumnutation. Here we report multiscale investigation of the regulation function this phenomenon. identify key cell signaling events comprising interaction ethylene, cytokinin, auxin hormone pathways. gene Oryza sativa Histidine Kinase-1/OsHK1 , well influx carrier OsAUX1 essential regulators process in rice. Robophysical modelling...

ABSTRACT The root system is critical for the survival of nearly all land plants and a key target improving abiotic stress tolerance, nutrient accumulation, yield in crop species. Although many methods phenotyping exist, within field studies one most popular extraction measurement upper portion system, known as crown, followed by trait quantification based on manual measurements or 2D imaging. However, techniques are inherently limited information available from single points view. Here, we...

Abstract Root system architecture (RSA) is a key factor in the efficiency of nutrient capture and water uptake plants. Understanding genetic control RSA will be useful minimizing fertilizer usage agricultural cropping systems. Using hydroponic screen gel-based imaging system, we identified rice (Oryza sativa) gene, VAP-RELATED SUPPRESSOR OF TOO MANY MOUTHS1 (OsVST1), which plays role controlling RSA. This gene encodes homolog SUPPRESSORS MOUTHS (VST) proteins Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis...

Abstract Root System Architecture (RSA) is a key factor in the efficiency of nutrient capture and water uptake plants. Understanding genetic control RSA will be useful minimizing fertilizer usage agricultural cropping systems. Using hydroponic screen gel-based imaging system we identified rice gene, OsVST1 , which plays role controlling RSA. This gene encodes homolog Arabidopsis VAP-RELATED SUPPRESSORS OF TMM (VSTs), class proteins that promote signaling stomata by mediating plasma...