We propose here a novel multi-layered waveguide liquid crystal (LC) smart window with full color rendering based on polymer-network system. The inserted position of three-primary-color LED light bars is specially designed, which parallel to the LC alignment obtain higher difference between transparent and scattering states. optimal matching system experimentally achieved by comparing several groups reactive mesogen materials. prepared measured analyzed in detail including optical/chromatic...

A powerful method for liquid crystal (LC) cell twist angle and retardation measurement is presented. This based on the spectroscopic ellipsometry. By varying polarizer analyzer angles only, a transmission spectrum containing null at some particular wavelengths can be obtained. Analytical equations derived bases polarization analysis of twisted birefringent layers are then solved to give all LC parameters. In general, angle, sense, retardation, rubbing direction determined. Measurement...

Reflective twisted nematic displays where the output polarizer is eliminated are analyzed and demonstrated. The absence of rear has many advantages, including much higher brightness resolution. In this article, we examine solution space for design such reflective displays. Both cases a simple display use retardation film within to compensate color dispersion explored. It shown that excellent black white can be obtained using compensation. Experimentally, over 90% reflectance from compensated...

We introduce a 3 x matrix for the study of unitary optical systems. This is submatrix 4 Mueller matrix. The elements this are real, and thus complex-number calculations can be avoided. useful illustrating polarization state an system. One also use it to derive conditions linear circular output general New characterization methods systems introduced. It shown that trajectory Stokes vector on Poincaré sphere either circle or ellipse as system input polarizer rotated. characteristic measure...

A front polarizer-free optically rewritable (ORW) liquid crystal display (LCD) has been made via a hybrid alignment configuration with dye-doped LCs. The structure consists of one active planar and passive homeotropic layer. rewritability the device is achieved by photo-reorienting azo dye molecules in doped LCs to function as polarizer following LCs' direction guest-host effect so that can be eliminated. This makes more compact easier operate for image erasing rewriting. rewriting time only...

A new Mueller matrix approach is developed for the design of optical modes all nematic liquid crystal displays (LCD). In particular, linearly polarized light going into LC cell, conditions linear polarization and circular outputs are obtained. By considering switching between different modes, transmittive reflective bistable twisted (BTN) LCD operating with optimized contrast brightness discovered. passive driven single polarizer BTN display was fabricated reasonably good measured...

The concept of equivalent characteristic parameters a liquid crystal (LC) cell is introduced together with the circle and ellipse. They are all related to twist angle retardation LC cell. Such can provide framework for analyzing modes, as well providing means measure parameters. A new Stokes parameter method also these Thus be determined accurately.

Reflective twisted nematic liquid crystal displays consisting of just one input polarizer, a cell, and rear reflector are discussed. We first show that all such display modes reported in the literature can be depicted systematically series parameter space diagrams. Then by making use diagrams as guide, we other new high quality reflective obtained. The three parameters varied polarizer angle α, twist φ, cell gap–liquid birefringence product dΔn. A full numerical simulation which takes into...

We introduce a 4×4 Mueller matrix for describing the polarization states of liquid crystal cell. Using this matrix, it is possible to derive conditions whereby linearly polarized input can be converted either perfectly or circularly output. These are called perfect conversion (PPC) conditions. PPC used in many different ways. For example, based on these conditions, mode switching schemes derived analysis most displays.

Cell gap thickness is one of the most important design parameters for liquid crystal displays (LCD). Existing measurement methods only apply to transmittive LC cells. These are obviously unsuitable measuring cell gaps reflective LCDs with internal reflectors. This kind LCD includes single polarizer and on silicon displays. The objective this article introduce various characterization that both applicable LCDs.

Abstract A new simple, fast and accurate method for liquid crystal cell twist angle gap measurement was demonstrated. It is based on a real time spectral of the linear polarization preservation modes. Prior knowledge or director orientations not required. This straight forward does require complicated calculations curve fitting. system can be easily implemented in commercial instruments.

Abstract Mueller calculus is employed to find the conditions that govern linear polarization preservation and circular transformation in a general twisted nematic LC cell. The results are applied design of both transmittive reflective LCDs. New optimized optical modes reported. This method provides clear physical interpretation all LCD modes.

Photoalignment is one of the best candidates proven market for multi domain display. It allows nearly free pattern to liquid crystal alignment direction compared conventional rubbed polyimide. Most available photoalignment materials require polarized deep UV irradiation with a finite dosage. With consideration current limitation such small working window, vertical surface by non‐polarized LED light large wavelength proposed and demonstrated. The generated inclined light. measurement results...

This study presents the development of ultra‐thin azo‐dye polarizers, notable for their minimal thickness (100‐200 nm) and superior optical performance, with polarization efficiency exceeding 99.9%, extinction ratios above 4000, transmittance over 45.3%, dichoric ratio 100. Utilizing cost‐effective solution‐processing methods, we fabricate these high‐performance polarizers determine optimal experimental conditions peak efficacy. Our research includes comprehensive Scanning Electron...

This study presents the characterization and performance evaluation of photo‐aligned azo‐dye thin‐film polarizers, highlighting their ultra‐thin profiles superior optical functionalities. Utilizing cost‐effective solution‐processing methods, these high‐efficiency polarizers were developed, with research pinpointing optimal experimental conditions for peak performance.

The ability to continuously alter the light transmittance through a window is significant for many optoelectronic devices. However, such versatility usually comes with additional unwanted power consumption. Here, we demonstrate transmittance-tunable glass that operates without electrical power. key element device an axis-varying polarizer, which combines photoalignment technique dichroic dye self-assembly mechanism. By linear translation of one patterned polarizer respect other, different...

This work focuses on developing a solution‐based ultra‐thin polarizer for liquid crystal displays, utilizing dichroic azo dye AD1 as the key material. The produced exhibits excellent optical performance with ratio of over 95. film thickness is less than 200nm. Furthermore, TN LCD an incell demonstrated. technology shows prospects high‐performance, coatable polarizers scalability and lower‐cost manufacturing potential.

This work demonstrates a high‐performance in‐cell polarizer adopting photo‐aligned azobenzene dyes. On the strength of multilayered design, simple fabrication process has been developed to assemble an polarizer. We have achieved broadband dichroic ratio after long‐term stability test. Meanwhile, cell with proposed can be driven regularly without voltage boost, which renders excellent practicability in liquid crystal display technologies. The structure, process, and properties TN‐LCD are...

An approach to developing a thin‐film polarizer with high polarization efficiency in liquid crystal cells is presented. The in‐cell facilitates the realization of novel color‐conversion displays, where advanced quantum color‐converters are used as photoluminescent color filter arrays. We experimentally demonstrated using azo‐dye‐based embedded polarizers for displays first time. systematically designed device structure and fabrication process. display parallax free can be driven at regular...

Abstract We describe the novel technology of thin photo‐patterned polarizers for LCDs. The polarizer consists small regions with different orientations absorption axis and/or colors. It can be placed on interior LCD cell substrate. material (about 0.3–0.7 micrometers) lyotropic dye layers, transferred to substrates by UV‐curing glue or “photo‐alignment” method. use photo‐chemically stable dyes as photo‐alignment layers LC and polarizers.

The 2 X Jones matrix and 4 Mueller methods are used as computational tools for LCD quiescent state optical mode design. Matrices of a general twisted nematic (GTN) LC cell some basic components given. transmission or reflection GTN can be calculated easily by using these matrices. A parameter space approach designing LCDs is described, which many modes revealed with information on their transmittance/reflectance, dispersion also gap tolerance. introduced both an alternative to the...

A generalized 2 X Jones matrix representation for twisted nematic (TN) and supertwisted (STN) liquid crystal displays (LCDs) at oblique incidence is obtained. It based on a model of optical reflection refraction from stacked birefringent plates. Extension this to some special cases also discussed. This can be used obtain accurate information the properties TN STN LCDs. Numerical comparisons new method with exact Berreman 4 extended Lien are presented. Simulation results indicate that...

Reflective LCDs (RLCDs) have high brightness and are free from viewing parallax.They also cost less materials to construct compatible with existing manufacturing driving practices.In this paper, a parameter space description of RLCD as function polarizer angle, liquid crystal twist angle birefringence is discussed.It shown that all published modes can be depicted in space, including the twisted-nematicelectrically controlled (TN-ECB) modes, hybrid field effect (HFE) mode, mixed-mode TN...

Azo dyes are valuable functional materials due to their sensitive response and effective modulation of polarized light. It is essential find out not only the optical anisotropy but also complex refractive index azo dye for photonics applications. We report here such measurements highly ordered photoaligned films. The film has an apparent dichroic ratio about 60. model systems using Berreman transfer matrix. By means regression fitting polarization dependent transmittance reflectance data, we...