A cytochrome P450 DNA marker in a major mosquito vector of malaria indicates that pyrethroid resistance reduces bednet efficacy.

Abstract Elucidating the genetic basis of metabolic resistance to insecticides in malaria vectors is crucial prolonging effectiveness insecticide-based control tools including long lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs). Here, we show that cis -regulatory variants cytochrome P450 gene, CYP6P9b , are associated with pyrethroid African vector Anopheles funestus . A DNA-based assay designed track this occurs near fixation southern Africa but not West/Central Africa. Applying demonstrate, using...

New insecticides have recently been produced to help control pyrethroid-resistant malaria vectors including the pyrrole, chlorfenapyr. Monitoring susceptibility of mosquito populations against this new product and potential cross-resistance with current is vital for better resistance management. In study, we assessed status major Anopheles gambiae funestus chlorfenapyr across Africa explored known pyrethroid markers. Efficacy 100 µg/ml An. from five Cameroonian locations, Democratic Republic...

Cross-resistance to insecticides in multiple resistant malaria vectors is hampering resistance management. Understanding its underlying molecular basis critical implementation of suitable insecticide-based interventions. Here, we established that the tandemly duplicated cytochrome P450s, CYP6P9a/b are driving carbamate and pyrethroid cross-resistance Southern African populations major vector Anopheles funestus . Transcriptome sequencing revealed P450s most over-expressed genes bendiocarb...

Metabolic resistance threatens the sustainability of pyrethroid-based malaria control interventions. Elucidating fitness cost and potential reversal metabolic is crucial to design suitable management strategies. Here, we deciphered associated with CYP6P9a (P450-mediated resistance) in major African vector Anopheles funestus. Reciprocal crosses were performed between a pyrethroid susceptible (FANG) resistant (FUMOZ-R) laboratory strains hybrid showed intermediate resistance. Genotyping...

Monitoring cases of insecticide resistance aggravation and the effect on efficacy control tools is crucial for successful malaria control. In this study, intensity major vectors from Uganda was characterised its impact performance various insecticide-treated nets elucidated. High to discriminating concentration (DC), 5× DC, 10× DC pyrethroids observed in both Anopheles funestus gambiae Mayuge Busia leading significant reduced long-lasting insecticidal (LLINs) including piperonyl butoxide...

Abstract Metabolic resistance to pyrethroids is a menace the continued effectiveness of malaria vector controls. Its molecular basis complex and varies geographically across Africa. Here, we used multi‐omics approach, followed‐up with functional validation show that directionally selected haplotype cytochrome P450, CYP9K1 major driver in Anopheles funestus . A PoolSeq GWAS using mosquitoes alive dead after permethrin exposure, from Malawi Cameroon, detected candidate genomic regions, but...

Evaluating the susceptibility of malaria vectors to new WHO-recommended products is a key step before large-scale deployment. We mapped profile Anopheles funestus neonicotinoids across Africa and established diagnostic doses acetamiprid imidacloprid with acetone + MERO as solvent. Indoor resting An. were collected in 2021 Cameroon, Malawi, Ghana Uganda. Susceptibility clothianidin, was evaluated using CDC bottle assays offsprings field-caught adults. The L119F-GSTe2 marker genotyped assess...

Abstract Background Aggravation of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors is threatening the efforts to control by reducing efficacy insecticide-based interventions hence needs be closely monitored. This study investigated intensity two major An. funestus sensu stricto (s.s.) and gambiae lato (s.l.) collected southern Ghana assessed bio-efficacy several long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) against these mosquito populations. Methods The susceptibility profiles Anopheles s.s. s.l....

Deciphering the evolutionary forces controlling insecticide resistance in malaria vectors remains a prerequisite to designing molecular tools detect and assess impact on control tools. Here, we demonstrate that 4.3kb transposon-containing structural variation is associated with pyrethroid central/eastern African populations of vector Anopheles funestus. In this study, analysed Pooled template sequencing data direct identify an insertion containing putative retro-transposon intergenic region...

Abstract Gaining a comprehensive understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying insecticide resistance in malaria vectors is crucial for optimising effectiveness insecticide-based vector control methods and developing diagnostic tools management. Considering heterogeneity metabolic major vectors, implementation tailored management strategies essential successful control. In this study, we provide evidence demonstrating that two highly selected mutations tandemly duplicated cytochrome...

<title>Abstract</title> Escalating pyrethroid resistance in malaria vectors is jeopardizing control. Deciphering its complex evolutionary mechanisms paramount to mitigate impact. Here, we demonstrate that over-expression and allelic variation of the argininosuccinate lyase (<italic>ASL)</italic> gene exacerbate <italic>Anopheles funestus</italic>. Multi-omics analyses revealed <italic>ASL</italic> upregulated Africa-wide detected a strong signal genetic differentiation around resistant...

Elucidating the complex evolutionary armory that mosquitoes deploy against insecticides is crucial to maintain effectiveness of insecticide-based interventions. Here, we deciphered role a 6.5-kb structural variation (SV) in driving cytochrome P450-mediated pyrethroid resistance malaria vector, Anopheles funestus. Whole-genome pooled sequencing detected an intergenic SV between duplicated CYP6P9a/b P450s pyrethroid-resistant through translocation event. Promoter analysis revealed 17.5-fold...

New insecticides with a novel mode of action such as neonicotinoids have recently been recommended for public health by WHO. Resistance monitoring requires robust protocol to monitor the development resistance in natural populations. In this study, we comparatively used three different solvents assess susceptibility malaria vectors across Africa.Mosquitoes were collected from May July 2021 agricultural settings Cameroon (Njombe-Penja, Nkolondom, and Mangoum), Democratic Republic Congo...

(1) Background: Malaria remains a global public health problem. Unfortunately, the resistance of malaria vectors to commonly used insecticides threatens disease control and elimination efforts. Field mosquitoes have been shown survive upon exposure high insecticide concentrations. The molecular mechanisms driving this pronounced remain poorly understood. Here, we elucidated pattern escalation in main vector Anopheles gambiae pesticide-driven agricultural hotspot Cameroon its impact on tools;...

Abstract Background Increased intensity of pyrethroid resistance is threatening the effectiveness insecticide-based interventions to control malaria in Africa. Assessing extent this aggravation and its impact on efficacy these tools vital ensure continued major vectors. Here we took advantage 2009 2014 data from Malawi establish escalation 2021 assessed various bed nets performance. Methods Indoor blood-fed wild female Anopheles (An) mosquitoes were collected with an electric aspirator...

Abstract Insecticide resistance is jeopardising malaria control efforts in Africa. Deciphering the evolutionary dynamics of mosquito populations country-wide essential for designing effective and sustainable national subnational tailored strategies to accelerate elimination efforts. Here, we employed genome-wide association studies through pooled template sequencing compare four eco-geographically different major vector, Anopheles funestus, across a South North transect Cameroon, aiming...

The emergence and spread of insecticide resistance among the main malaria vectors is threatening effectiveness vector control interventions in Senegal. drivers this Anopheles gambiae complex (e.g., An. coluzzii) remains poorly characterized Here we target site metabolic resistances mechanisms coluzzii populations from their sympatric allopatric or predominance area Larvae pupae s.l. were collected, reared to adulthood, then used for insecticides susceptibility synergist assays using WHO...

Monitoring of drug resistance in Plasmodium populations is crucial for malaria control. This has primarily been performed humans and rarely mosquitoes where parasites genetic recombination occurs. Here, we characterized the spp wild Anopheles vectors by analyzing diversity P. falciparum kelch13 mdr1 gene fragments implicated artemisinin partner across Cameroon three major vectors.Anopheles were collected nine localities dissected into head/thorax (H/T) abdomen (Abd) after species...

Abstract Background Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) are a vital tool in the fight against malaria vectors. However, their efficacy field can be impacted by several factors, including patterns of usage, net age, mosquito resistance and delayed mortality effect, all which could influence transmission. We have investigated effectiveness various brands LLINs available markets households Cameroon on pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes assessed post-exposure effect. Methods Following quality...

Abstract Background The impact of metabolic resistance to insecticides on malaria transmission remains poorly characterised notably through application entomological parameters. lack markers has been one the limiting factors preventing a robust assessment such impact. To this end, present study sought investigate how L119F- Gste2 gene influences parameters underpinning mosquitos’ propensity transmit Plasmodium spp. Methods Longitudinal studies were carried out in Mibellon and Elende, two...

Abstract Deciphering the molecular drivers of insecticide resistance is paramount to extend effectiveness malaria vector control tools. Here, we demonstrated that E205D amino acid change in a key metabolic P450 CYP6P3 drives pyrethroid major vector, Anopheles gambiae . Spatio-temporal whole genome Poolseq analyses Cameroon detected P450-linked locus on chromosome 2R beside sodium channel locus. In vitro metabolism assays with recombinantly expressed protein revealed catalytic efficiency 205D...