Treatment of onchocerciasis using mass ivermectin administration has reduced morbidity and transmission throughout Africa Central/South America. Mass drug is likely to exert selection pressure on parasites, phenotypic genetic changes in several Onchocerca volvulus populations from Cameroon Ghana-exposed more than a decade regular treatment-have raised concern that sub-optimal responses ivermectin's anti-fecundity effect are becoming frequent may spread.Pooled next generation sequencing...

Onchocerciasis control for years has been based on mass drug administration (MDA) with ivermectin (IVM). Adherence to IVM repeated treatment recently shown be a confounding factor onchocerciasis elimination precisely in rain forest areas where transmission continues and Loa loa co-exists Onchocerca volvulus. In this study, participants' oral declarations were used as proxy determine the relationship between adherence parasitological indicators of area Cameroon more than decade MDA....

Immunochromatographic card test (ICT) is a tool to map the distribution of Wuchereria bancrofti. In areas highly endemic for loaisis in DRC and Cameroon, relationship has been envisaged between high L. loa microfilaria (Mf) loads ICT positivity. However, similar associations have not demonstrated from other with contrasting levels endemicity. This study investigated cross-reactivity when mapping lymphatic filariasis (LF) endemicity loiasis mansonellosis Cameroon.A cross-sectional assess...

Community-Directed Treatment with Ivermectin (CDTI) is the main strategy adopted by African Programme for Onchocerciasis control (APOC). Recent reports from onchocerciasis endemic areas of savannah zones have demonstrated feasibility disease elimination through CDTI. Such information lacking in rain forest zones. In this study, we investigated parasitological and entomological indices transmission three drainage basins area Cameroon [after over a decade CDTI]. River differed terms river...

The immunochromatographic test (ICT) for lymphatic filariasis is a serological designed unequivocal detection of circulating Wuchereria bancrofti antigen. It was validated and promoted by WHO as the primary diagnostic tool mapping impact monitoring disease elimination following interventions. initial tests specificity sensitivity were based on samples collected in areas free loiasis results suggested near 100 % W. bancrofti. possibility cross-reactivity with non-Wuchereria antigens not...

For two decades, onchocerciasis control has been based on mass treatment with ivermectin (IVM), repeated annually or six-monthly. This drug kills Onchocerca volvulus microfilariae (mf) present in the skin and eyes (microfilaricidal effect) prevents for 3-4 months release of new mf by adult female worms (embryostatic effect). In some Ghanaian communities, long-term use IVM was associated a more rapid than expected repopulation after treatment. Here, we assessed whether embryostatic effect O....

(1) Background: Malaria remains a global public health problem. Unfortunately, the resistance of malaria vectors to commonly used insecticides threatens disease control and elimination efforts. Field mosquitoes have been shown survive upon exposure high insecticide concentrations. The molecular mechanisms driving this pronounced remain poorly understood. Here, we elucidated pattern escalation in main vector Anopheles gambiae pesticide-driven agricultural hotspot Cameroon its impact on tools;...

Abstract Insecticide resistance is jeopardising malaria control efforts in Africa. Deciphering the evolutionary dynamics of mosquito populations country-wide essential for designing effective and sustainable national subnational tailored strategies to accelerate elimination efforts. Here, we employed genome-wide association studies through pooled template sequencing compare four eco-geographically different major vector, Anopheles funestus, across a South North transect Cameroon, aiming...

Background Loiasis is a filarial infection endemic in the rainforest zone of west and central Africa particularly Cameroon, Gabon, Republic Congo, Democratic Congo. Repeated treatments with ivermectin have been delivered using annual community directed treatment (CDTI) approach for several years to control onchocerciasis some Loa loa-Onchocerca volvulus co-endemic areas. The impact CDTI on loiasis parasitological indicators not known. We, therefore, designed this cross sectional study...

Understanding local contextual factors is important when conducting international collaborative studies in low-income country settings. Rapid ethical assessment (a brief qualitative intervention designed to map the terrain of a research setting prior recruitment participants), has been used range research-naïve We rapid explore issues and challenges associated with approaching communities gaining informed consent North West Cameroon. This study was carried out two health districts Region...

Despite 40 years of control efforts, onchocerciasis (river blindness) remains one the most important neglected tropical diseases, with 17 million people affected. The etiological agent, Onchocerca volvulus, is a filarial nematode complex lifecycle involving several distinct stages in definitive host and blackfly vector. challenges obtaining sufficient material have prevented high-throughput studies development novel strategies for disease diagnosis. Here, we utilize closest relative O....

Mansonellosis remains one of the most neglected tropical diseases and its current distribution in entire forest block southern Cameroon is unknown. In order to address this issue, we have surveyed Mansonella perstans different bioecological zones addition, elucidated influence multiple rounds ivermectin (IVM) based mass drug administration (MDA).A mixed design was used. Between 2000 2014, both cross-sectional longitudinal surveys were carried out 137 communities selected from 12 health...

Abstract Deciphering the molecular drivers of insecticide resistance is paramount to extend effectiveness malaria vector control tools. Here, we demonstrated that E205D amino acid change in a key metabolic P450 CYP6P3 drives pyrethroid major vector, Anopheles gambiae . Spatio-temporal whole genome Poolseq analyses Cameroon detected P450-linked locus on chromosome 2R beside sodium channel locus. In vitro metabolism assays with recombinantly expressed protein revealed catalytic efficiency 205D...

The clinical presentation overlap between malaria and COVID-19 poses special challenges for rapid diagnosis in febrile children. In this study, we collected RNA-seq data of children with infection from the public databases as raw fastq format paired end files. A group six, five two biological replicates malaria, healthy donors respectively were used study. We conducted differential gene expression analysis to visualize differences profiles. Using edgeR, explored particularly levels different...

The suitability of using clinical assessment to identify patients with podoconiosis in endemic communities has previously been demonstrated. In this study, we explored the feasibility and accuracy Community Health Implementers (CHIs) for large scale screening population North-west Cameroon.Before a regional mapping, 193 CHIs 50 health personnel selected from 6 districts were trained diagnosis disease. After training, undertook community under supervision. Identified cases later re-examined...

There is limited assessment of whether research participants in low-income settings are afforded a full understanding the meaning medical research. may also be particular issues with genetic We used rapid ethical methodology to explore perceptions surrounding research, genetics and north west Cameroon.Eleven focus group discussions (including 107 adults) 72 in-depth interviews were conducted various stakeholders two health districts Cameroon between February April 2012.Most appreciated role...

ABSTRACT Our overall understanding of the developmental biology malaria parasites has been greatly enhanced by recent advances in transcriptomic analysis. However, most these investigations rely on laboratory strains (LS) that were adapted into vitro culture many years ago, and transcriptomes clinical isolates (CI) circulating human populations have not assessed. In this study, RNA-seq was used to compare global transcriptome mid-stage gametocytes derived from three short-term cultured CI,...

The presence of mosquitoes in an area is dependent on the availability suitable breeding sites that are influenced by several environmental factors. Identification habitats for vector surveillance and larval source management key to disease control programs. We investigated water quality parameters microbial composition selected mosquito urban Accra, Ghana associated these with abundance Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae) Culex larvae. Physicochemical explained up 72% variance among separated (P...

(1) Background: Malaria remains a global public health problem. Unfortunately, the resistance of malaria vectors to insecticides commonly used threatens disease control and elimination efforts. Molecular mechanisms helping some now survive greater doses poorly understood. Here, we elucidated pattern escalation in main vector Anopheles gambiae pesticide-driven agricultural hotspot Cameroon its impact on tools; (2) Methods: Larval stages indoor blood-fed females (F0) were collected Mangoum May...

Flubendazole (FLBZ) is a potent and efficacious macrofilaricide after parenteral administration. Studies in animal models one trial patients infected with Onchocerca volvulus revealed that FLBZ elicits minimal effects on microfilariae (mf). Severe complications ivermectin (IVM) treatment of high Loa loa microfilaraemia are great concern. We examined the potential to rapidly kill L. mf, phenomenon proposed underlie complications. Mf were exposed FLBZ, its reduced metabolite, albendazole, or...

Abstract Background Although podoconiosis is endemic in Cameroon, little known about its epidemiology and spatial distribution. Methods This cross-sectional, population-based study enrolled all adults (≥15 y) residing the districts of northwest region Cameroon for 10 or more years. Participants were interviewed had a physical examination. The outcomes prevalence estimates lymphoedema podoconiosis. House-to-house screening was conducted by Community Health Implementers (CHIs). CHIs registered...

ABSTRACT Background Treatment of onchocerciasis using mass ivermectin administration has reduced morbidity and transmission throughout Africa Central/South America. Mass drug is likely to exert selection pressure on parasites, phenotypic genetic changes in several Onchocerca volvulus populations from Cameroon Ghana - exposed more than a decade regular treatment have raised concern that sub-optimal responses ivermectin’s anti-fecundity effect are becoming frequent may spread....

Podoconiosis and leprosy are Neglected Tropical Diseases associated with low quality of life, social stigma isolation affected people families. Despite the substantial burden it imposes, podoconiosis has largely been ignored in global health literature until recently unlike leprosy. This study assessed compared life impact that among households neighborhoods North West Cameroon.A comparative cross-sectional design was used. Eighty-six households: 43 leprosy, plus household neighbours were...