A5041019110- Parasitic Diseases Research and Treatment
- Parasites and Host Interactions
- Parasite Biology and Host Interactions
- Insects and Parasite Interactions
- Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Insect symbiosis and bacterial influences
- Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
- Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Advanced NMR Techniques and Applications
- Helminth infection and control
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Disaster Response and Management
- Global Security and Public Health
- Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
- Algal biology and biofuel production
- Ethics and Legal Issues in Pediatric Healthcare
- Glioma Diagnosis and Treatment
- Dermatological diseases and infestations
- Metabolism and Genetic Disorders
- NMR spectroscopy and applications
- Anatomy and Medical Technology
- Inflammatory Biomarkers in Disease Prognosis
- Entomopathogenic Microorganisms in Pest Control
Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases
2008-2024
World Health Organization
2014-2024
World Health Organization - Pakistan
2013-2023
Luxembourg Institute of Health
2023
United Nations Children's Fund India
2008-2023
Makerere University
2013
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2013
Universität Innsbruck
2013
Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences
2013
National Institutes of Health
2013
BackgroundThe morbidity and socioeconomic effects of onchocerciasis, a parasitic disease that is primarily endemic in sub-Saharan Africa, have motivated large transmission control programmes. Annual community-directed ivermectin treatment has substantially reduced prevalence. Elimination requires intensified efforts, including more efficacious treatments. We compared parasitological efficacy safety moxidectin ivermectin.MethodsThis double-blind, parallel group, superiority trial was done...
The use of alternative (or complementary) treatment strategies (ATSs) i.e. differing from annual community-directed with ivermectin (CDTI) is required in some African foci to eliminate onchocerciasis by 2025. ATSs include vector control, biannual or pluriannual CDTI, better timing combinations currently available anthelminthics new drugs, and 'test-and-treat' (TNT) requiring diagnosis infection and/or contraindications for decisions on who treat what regimen. Two TNT can be considered....
Control of onchocerciasis as a public health problem in Africa relies on annual mass ivermectin distribution. New tools are needed to achieve elimination infection. This study determined small number Onchocerca volvulus infected individuals whether moxidectin, veterinary anthelminthic, is safe enough administer it future large further characterize moxidectin's safety and efficacy. Effects the parasite were also assessed.Men women from forest area South-eastern Ghana without distribution...
Treatment of onchocerciasis using mass ivermectin administration has reduced morbidity and transmission throughout Africa Central/South America. Mass drug is likely to exert selection pressure on parasites, phenotypic genetic changes in several Onchocerca volvulus populations from Cameroon Ghana-exposed more than a decade regular treatment-have raised concern that sub-optimal responses ivermectin's anti-fecundity effect are becoming frequent may spread.Pooled next generation sequencing...
Spurred by success in several foci, onchocerciasis control policy Africa has shifted from morbidity to elimination of infection. Clinical trials have demonstrated that moxidectin is substantially more efficacious than ivermectin effecting sustained reductions skin microfilarial load and, therefore, may accelerate progress towards elimination. We compare the potential cost-effectiveness annual with and biannual treatment.Data first clinical study were used parameterise transmission model...
Onchocerciasis ("river blindness"), is a neglected tropical disease caused by the filarial nematode Onchocerca volvulus and transmitted to humans through repeated bites infective blackflies of genus Simulium. Moxidectin was approved United States Food Drug Administration in 2018 for treatment onchocerciasis people at least 12 years age. The pharmacokinetics orally administered moxidectin 18- 60-year-old men women infected with were investigated single-center, ivermectin-controlled,...
Our study in CDTI-naïve areas Nord Kivu and Ituri (Democratic Republic of the Congo, DRC), Lofa County (Liberia) Nkwanta district (Ghana) showed that a single 8 mg moxidectin dose reduced skin microfilariae density (microfilariae/mg skin, SmfD) better for longer than 150μg/kg ivermectin dose. We now analysed efficacy by area pre-treatment SmfD (intensity infection, IoI).Four three IoI categories were defined across-study by-study analyses, respectively. used general linear model to analyse...
Abstract Sixty‐four samples from six grade 4 astrocytomas were investigated ex vivo by 1 H MRS at 360 MHz and subsequently histopathology to obtain percentages of viable necrotic tumour grey white matter. MR‐visible lipids detected in 87% samples. Necrotic foci <3 × 3 6 mm . The means the intensities/unit weight tissue lipid resonances 5.33, 2.80, 1.29 0.89 ppm significantly higher (p<0.05) for three sets comparisons: with 85–100% vs 50–75%; 50–75% 10–40% 0–5% necrosis. For resonance...
An epidemic illness characterized by head nodding associated with onchocerciasis has been described in eastern Africa since the early 1960s; we summarize published reports and recent studies. Onset of occurs previously healthy 5-15-year-old children is often triggered eating or cold temperatures accompanied cognitive impairment. Its incidence increased Uganda South Sudan over past 10 years. Four case-control studies identified modest inconsistent associations. There were nonspecific lesions...
Background Few drugs are available for soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH); the benzimidazoles albendazole and mebendazole only being used preventive chemotherapy as they can be given in one single dose with no weight adjustment. While generally safe effective reducing intensity of infection, contra-indicated first-trimester pregnancy have suboptimal efficacy against Trichuris trichiura. In addition, drug resistance is a threat. It therefore important to find alternatives. Methodology We...
For 30 years, women have sought equal opportunity to be included in trials so that drugs are equitably studied as well men; regulatory guidelines changed accordingly. Pregnant women, however, continue excluded from for non-obstetric conditions, though they been of life-threatening diseases because prospects maternal survival outweighed potential fetal risks. Ebola virus disease is a infection without approved treatments or vaccines. Previous (EBOV) outbreak data showed 89–93% and 100%...
Between 2013 and 2016, West Africa experienced the largest ever outbreak of Ebola Virus Disease. In absence registered treatments or vaccines to control this lethal disease, World Health Organization coordinated supported research expedite identification interventions that could improve future efforts. Consequently, Research Ethics Review Committee (WHO-ERC) was heavily involved in reviews ethics discussions. It reviewed 24 new 22 amended protocols for studies including interventional (drug,...
Great strides have been made toward onchocerciasis elimination by mass drug administration (MDA) of ivermectin. Focusing on MDA-eligible areas, we investigated where the goal can be achieved 2025 continuation current practice (annual MDA with ivermectin) and intensification or additional vector control is required. We did not consider areas hypoendemic for loiasis coendemicity contraindicated.We used 2 previously published mathematical models, ONCHOSIM EPIONCHO, to simulate future trends in...
Epidemiological and modelling studies suggest that elimination of Onchocerca volvulus transmission (EoT) throughout Africa may not be achievable with annual mass drug administration (MDA) ivermectin alone, particularly in areas high endemicity vector density. Single-dose Phase II III clinical trials demonstrated moxidectin's superiority over for prolonged clearance O. microfilariae. We used the stochastic, individual-based EPIONCHO-IBM model to compare probabilities reaching EoT between...
Abstract To examine metabolic heterogeneity in primary brain tumour, multiple biopsies (one to five per tumour) from four benign meningiomas, acoustic schwannomas, eleven glial tumours and medulloblastomas were each subdivided into one samples (total = 194) investigated using ex vivo 360 MHz 1 H MR spectroscopy with histopathological correlation. Low amounts of mobile lipids detected meningothelial meningiomas medulloblastomas, high some or all other tumours. The differences non‐lipid...
We study how classification accuracy can be improved when both different data preprocessing methods and computerized consensus diagnosis (CCD) are applied to 1H magnetic resonance (MR) spectra of astrocytomas, meningiomas, epileptic brain tissue. The MR (360 MHz, 37 degrees C) tissue specimens (biopsies) from subjects with meningiomas (95; 26 cases), astrocytomas (74; epilepsy (37; 8 cases) were preprocessed by several methods. Each set was partitioned into training validation sets. Robust...
Abstract 202 MHz 31 P NMR (11.7 T) was used to study the effects of culture medium pH on levels phosphate metabolites in three human tumor cell lines (XP29MAmal, a malignant xeroderma pigmentosum; CX‐1, colon carcinoma; KB, squamous carcinoma oral cavity). Cells were cultured Roux flasks HAM's F‐12 medium, and varied with final change. After harvesting, 1–5 × 10 8 cells suspended Ringer/HEPES buffer at 7.4 4°C for studies. Cell adhesion growth rate decreased decreasing pH, but, down ca 6.1,...
Background Loiasis is a parasitic infection endemic in the African rain forest caused by filarial nematode Loa loa. can be co-endemic with onchocerciasis and/or lymphatic filariasis. Ivermectin, drug used control of these diseases, induce serious adverse reactions patients high L loa microfilaraemia (LLM). A needed which lower LLM below level that represents risk so ivermectin mass treatment to support and filariasis elimination implemented safely. Methodology Sixty men women from loiasis...
The African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control has proposed provisional thresholds the prevalence of microfilariae in humans and L3 larvae blackflies, below which mass drug administration (MDA) with ivermectin can be stopped surveillance started. Skin snips are currently gold standard test detecting patent Onchocerca volvulus infection, World Health Organization recommends their use to monitor progress treatment programmes (but not verify elimination). However, if they used (in transition...