A5002315754- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Parasitic Diseases Research and Treatment
- Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- Bladder and Urothelial Cancer Treatments
- Immune Response and Inflammation
- Immune responses and vaccinations
- Immune cells in cancer
- Ethics in Clinical Research
- Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Biomedical Research
- Actinomycetales infections and treatment
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Genomics and Rare Diseases
- Ethics in medical practice
- Infectious Diseases and Mycology
- Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
- Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
- Lymphatic System and Diseases
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Parasites and Host Interactions
- Parasite Biology and Host Interactions
University of Sussex
2008-2024
Brighton and Sussex Medical School
2014-2024
Lancaster University
2017-2022
Children's Investment Fund Foundation
2022
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
2022
University of Khartoum
2022
Wellcome Trust
2001-2019
Harvard Global Health Institute
2017
Addis Ababa University
2017
Jimma University
2017
Genetic differences in immune responses may affect susceptibility to mycobacterial infection, but no specific genes have been implicated humans. We studied four children who had an unexplained genetic infection and appeared inherited the same recessive mutation from a common ancestor.
The attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette–Guerin (BCG) is the most widely used vaccine in world. In children, inoculation live BCG harmless although it oc...
Data obtained in animals indicate that neonatal immune responses are biased toward Th2. This could reduce the efficacy of vaccines against viral and mycobacterial diseases. The ability human newborns to develop a Th1 response upon immunization has not been studied. Since vaccine Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) triggers Th1-type adults, we investigated whether it induces similar age at vaccination influences immunogenicity. We found BCG birth memory magnitude when given...
Tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-α) plays a central role in the pathophysiology of sepsis. Levels TNF-a are directly correlated with severity meningococcal disease (MD). A polymorphism promoter region TNF-α gene is associated differences secretion TNF-α. The TNF2 allele higher constitutive and inducible levels than TNF1 allele. To investigate whether possession MD, frequency alleles 98 children MD was compared. There were more deaths among who had (P = .03; relative risk [RR], 2.5; 95%...
Abstract The immaturity of the immune system increases susceptibility young infants to infectious diseases and prevents induction protective responses by vaccines. We previously reported that Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination induces a potent Th1 response mycobacterial Ags in newborns. In this study, we evaluated influence BCG on unrelated vaccines given early life. Newborns were randomly allocated one three study groups receiving at birth, when received their...
The immaturity of the neonatal immune system in mice is associated with defective IFN-γ production and Th2-biased responses. In this study, infants vaccinated at birth BCG produced similar concentrations response to PPD showed frequencies IFN-γ-producing lymphocytes as compared adults. Infants adults only low IL-4 IL-5. CD4+ T were main source IFN-γ. Similar proportions Th1 Th0 PPD-specific cell clones observed This study demonstrates that human not biased towards Th2 characterized by...
A genome-wide map of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and a pattern linkage disequilibrium (LD) between their alleles are being established in three main ethnic groups. An important question is the applicability such maps to different populations within group. Therefore, we have developed high-resolution SNP, haplotype LD vitamin D receptor gene region large samples from five populations. Comparative analysis reveals that patterns identical all four European tested with two small...
Podoconiosis is a tropical lymphedema resulting from long-term barefoot exposure to red-clay soil derived volcanic rock. The World Health Organization recently designated it as neglected disease. develops in only subgroup of exposed people, and studies have shown familial clustering with high heritability (63%).
Host genetic factors are major determinants of susceptibility to tuberculosis, and an understanding the molecular basis this observation has implications for development novel therapies vaccines. Slc11a1 (formerly Nramp1), first murine infection locus identified, regulates early innate responses intracellular pathogens. Variation in human homologue SLC11A1 is associated with linked tuberculosis genetically different populations. In a case-control study 329 case patients 324 control subjects,...
Currently there is increasing recognition of the need for research in developing countries where disease burden high. Understanding role local factors important undertaking ethical countries. We explored relating to information and communication during process informed consent, approach that should be followed gaining consent. The study was conducted prior a family-based genetic among people with podoconiosis (non-filarial elephantiasis) southern Ethiopia.We adapted method rapid assessment...
Background. BCG vaccination of infants is thought to provide good protection in all settings. This study investigated whether Malawian made weaker responses across a cytokine panel after vaccination, compared with UK infants.
Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination induces a marked increase in the interferon (IFN)-gamma response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis purified protein derivative (Mtb PPD) UK adolescents, but not Malawian adolescents. We hypothesized that Mtb PPD-induced IFN-gamma after BCG would be similar infants from these 2 countries. Infants were vaccinated with during first 3-13 weeks of life. Three months vaccination, 51 (100%) had an PPD, compared 41 (53%) 78 infants, whom responses varied...
The consent process for a genetic study is challenging when the research conducted in group stigmatized because of beliefs that disease familial. Podoconiosis, also known as 'mossy foot', an example such disease. It condition resulting swelling lower legs among people exposed to red clay soil. very stigmatizing problem endemic areas Ethiopia widely held opinion runs families and untreatable. aim this was explore impact social stigma on obtaining genetics podoconiosis Southern Ethiopia. We...
Although podoconiosis is one of the major causes tropical lymphoedema and endemic in Ethiopia its epidemiology risk factors are poorly understood. Individual-level data for 129,959 individuals from 1,315 communities 659 woreda (districts) were collected a nationwide integrated survey lymphatic filariasis podoconiosis. Blood samples tested circulating Wuchereria bancrofti antigen using immunochromatographic card tests. A clinical algorithm was used to reach diagnosis by excluding other...
Podoconiosis (also known as endemic, non-filarial elephantiasis) affects about 4 million subsistence farmers in tropical Africa. Poor awareness of the condition and inadequate evidence for efficacy treatment mean that no government an endemic country yet offers lymphoedema management patients with podoconiosis. Among filarial lymphoedema, trials suggest limb care is effective reducing most disabling sequelae: episodes acute dermatolymphangioadenitis. We aimed to test hypothesis a simple,...