A5067307694- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- HIV Research and Treatment
- HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses
- Sex work and related issues
- Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare
- Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders
- Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Immune responses and vaccinations
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Leprosy Research and Treatment
- COVID-19 diagnosis using AI
- Adolescent and Pediatric Healthcare
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
2016-2025
University College London
2020-2024
University of London
2010-2023
Zambart
2021-2023
Imperial College London
2019-2022
Johns Hopkins University
2002-2022
Johns Hopkins Medicine
2022
Stellenbosch University
2022
University of Zambia
2014-2022
Faculty of Public Health
2022
A universal testing and treatment strategy is a potential approach to reduce the incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, yet previous trial results are inconsistent.
<b>Objectives</b> To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of group art therapy for people with schizophrenia and to test whether any benefits exceed those an active control treatment. <b>Design</b> Three arm, rater blinded, pragmatic, randomised controlled trial. <b>Setting</b> Secondary care services across 15 sites in United Kingdom. <b>Participants</b> 417 aged 18 or over, who had a diagnosis provided written informed consent take part study. <b>Interventions</b> Participants, stratified...
Effective interventions to reduce HIV incidence in sub-Saharan Africa are urgently needed. Mathematical modelling and the Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 052 trial results suggest that universal testing combined with immediate antiretroviral treatment (ART) should substantially may eliminate as a public health problem. We describe rationale design of evaluate this hypothesis.A rigorously-designed (UTT) is needed because: i) it unknown whether these can be delivered scale adequate uptake;...
Leprosy is an infectious disease caused by the obligate intracellular pathogen Mycobacterium leprae and remains endemic in many parts of world. Despite several major studies on susceptibility to leprosy, few genomic loci have been replicated independently. We conducted association analysis more than 1,500 individuals from different case-control family studies, observed consistent associations between genetic variants both TLR1 HLA-DRB1/DQA1 regions with leprosy (TLR1 I602S, P = 5.7×10−8, OR...
Background: Despite the 15 million children orphaned by AIDS, and fears of sexual vulnerability, little is known about link between orphanhood HIV risk. Methods: A random sample 1283 to 19-year-old girls in a high-density suburb Harare was identified cross-sectional survey 2004. total 863 agreed be interviewed 839 provided specimen for herpes simplex virus type-2 (HSV-2) testing. Sexual health outcomes, behaviours marriage were assessed type timing orphanhood. Results: Half participants...
The interleukin-2–mediated immune response is critical for host defense against infectious pathogens. Cytokine-inducible SRC homology 2 (SH2) domain protein (CISH), a suppressor of cytokine signaling, controls interleukin-2 signaling.
The Karonga Health and Demographic Surveillance System (Karonga HDSS) in northern Malawi currently has a population of more than 35 000 individuals under continuous demographic surveillance since completion baseline census (2002–2004). system collects data on vital events migration for households. It also provides cause-specific mortality obtained by verbal autopsy all age groups, estimates rates disease specific presentations via linkage to clinical facility data. HDSS structure surveys...
Achieving HIV epidemic control globally will require new strategies to accelerate reductions in incidence and mortality. Universal test treat (UTT) was evaluated four randomized population-based trials (BCPP/Ya Tsie, HPTN 071/PopART, SEARCH, ANRS 12249/TasP) conducted sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) during expanded antiretroviral treatment (ART) eligibility by World Health Organization guidelines the UNAIDS 90-90-90 campaign.
The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) 90-90-90 targets require that, by 2020, 90% of those living with HIV know their status, known HIV-positive individuals receive sustained antiretroviral therapy (ART), and ART have durable viral suppression. HPTN 071 (PopART) trial is measuring the impact a universal testing treatment intervention population-level incidence in 21 urban communities Zambia South Africa. We report observational data from four to assess progress towards...
HIV risk remains unacceptably high among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in southern eastern Africa, reflecting structural social inequities that drive new infections. In 2015, PEPFAR (the United States President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief) with private-sector partners launched the DREAMS Partnership, an ambitious package of interventions 10 sub-Saharan African countries. aims to reduce incidence by 40% AGYW over two years addressing multiple causes vulnerability. This protocol...
The HPTN 071 (PopART) cluster-randomised trial provided door-to-door HIV testing services to a large proportion of individuals residing in 21 intervention communities Zambia and South Africa from 2014 2017 reached the UNAIDS first 90 target among women Zambia, yet gaps remained men young adults. This study nested sought increase knowledge status across all groups by offering choice oral self-testing addition routine services.
Background The HPTN 052 trial confirmed that antiretroviral therapy (ART) can nearly eliminate HIV transmission from successfully treated HIV-infected individuals within couples. Here, we present the mathematical modeling used to inform design and monitoring of a new aiming test whether widespread provision ART is feasible substantially reduce population-level incidence. Methods Findings 071 (PopART) three-arm cluster-randomized 21 large population clusters in Zambia South Africa, starting...
Abstract Design Universal voluntary HIV counselling and testing followed by prompt initiation of antiretroviral therapy ( ART ) for all those diagnosed ‐infected (universal test treat, UTT is now a global health standard. However, its population‐level impact, feasibility cost remain unknown. Five community‐based trials have been implemented in sub‐Saharan Africa to measure the effects various strategies at population level: BCPP /YaTsie Botswana, Max Swaziland, HPTN 071 (Pop South Zambia,...
Evidence on the comparative performance of purified protein derivative tuberculin skin tests (TST) and interferon-gamma release assays (IGRA) for predicting incident active tuberculosis (TB) remains conflicting. We conducted an individual participant data meta-analysis to directly compare predictive TB disease between TST IGRA inform policy.
Tuberculosis (TB) prevalence remains persistently high in many settings, with new or expanded interventions required to achieve substantial reductions. The HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 071 (PopART) community-randomised trial randomised 14 communities receive the "PopART" intervention during 2014 2017 (7 arm A and 7 B communities) standard-of-care (arm C). was delivered door-to-door by community care providers (CHiPs) included universal testing, facilitated linkage at government...
Menstrual cups could be a sustainable menstrual material for adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in sub-Saharan Africa. Yathu was cluster-randomized trial of community-based delivery HIV sexual reproductive health services to people Lusaka, Zambia. Among available through the intervention were products, including cups. We explored knowledge menstruation acceptability, experiences using among AGYW aged 15–24. share lessons learned on how distribute strategies urban communities. Through...
Objective: To assess the influence of maternal HIV status and orphanhood on child mortality physical well-being. Design: Retrospective cohort study with > 10 years follow-up. Methods: From population-based surveys in Karonga District, Malawi 1980s, 197 individuals were identified as HIV-positive. These 396 HIV-negative matched for age sex, their spouses offspring, sought 1998–2000. Results: All but 11 index traced, identifying 2520 offspring; these, 1106 offspring included analyses. Among...
Using longitudinal data from three demographic surveillance systems (DSS) and a retrospective cohort study, we estimate levels trends in the prevalence incidence of orphanhood South Africa, Tanzania, Malawi period 1988-2004. The maternal, paternal, double orphans rose all populations. In Africa - where HIV epidemic started later, has been very severe, not yet stabilized among children is that other living arrangements vary considerably between populations, particularly relation to fathers....
Studies of intestinal helminth infections are influenced by the constraints sample collection, as identification ova in stools is affected time since evacuation from host. Different methods may be required to optimise diagnostic sensitivity under different study conditions. In context studies rural Malawi, we collected stool samples with delays production subjects collection field staff, examination laboratory. Stools were processed Kato-Katz (KK) or formol-ether concentration (FEC) methods....
The steady decline in child mortality observed most African countries through the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s has stalled many 1990s because of AIDS epidemic. However, census household survey data that generally are used to produce estimates do not permit precise measures adverse effect HIV on mortality.To calculate excess risks as result maternal status, we pooled from 3 longitudinal community-based studies classified births by mother's status. We also estimated death caused increased among...