A5059417413- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Sex work and related issues
- Emergency and Acute Care Studies
- Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Psychiatric care and mental health services
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations
- Mental Health Research Topics
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills
- Healthcare cost, quality, practices
- Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Reliability and Agreement in Measurement
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
2012-2024
University of London
2012-2019
University College London
2016-2018
Helsinki University Hospital
2017
Universities UK
2017
Bedford College
1977
Maudsley Hospital
1976
Psychiatry Research Trust
1975
Synopsis A standardized, semi-structured interview for examining and recording the mental state in elderly subjects is described. It allows classification of patients by symptom profile can demonstrate changes that over time. believed good reliability demonstrated between psychiatric raters both diagnosis made on basis schedule findings individual items. The Geriatric Mental State Schedule (GMS) consists mainly items from eighth edition PSE (Wing et al. 1967), together with additional PSS...
During the last twenty years countless attempts have been made to refine, replace or validate our intuitive clinical classifications of mental illness by statistical analysis symptom ratings. By and large these unsuccessful. In spite all elegant complex manipulations which innumerable sets data subjected, used psychiatrists remain much as they were before computer was invented. The reasons for this failure—for such it must be seen at least clinicians—are complex, but we would attribute...
Vignettes are short stories about a hypothetical person, traditionally used within research (quantitative or qualitative) on sensitive topics in the developed world. Studies using vignettes developing world emerging, but with no critical examination of their usefulness such settings. We describe development and application to qualitative investigation barriers uptake prevention mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) HIV services rural Tanzania 2012, critique successes challenges technique this...
HIV risk remains unacceptably high among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in southern eastern Africa, reflecting structural social inequities that drive new infections. In 2015, PEPFAR (the United States President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief) with private-sector partners launched the DREAMS Partnership, an ambitious package of interventions 10 sub-Saharan African countries. aims to reduce incidence by 40% AGYW over two years addressing multiple causes vulnerability. This protocol...
Studying the evolution of viruses and their molecular epidemiology relies on accurate viral sequence data, so that small differences between similar can be meaningfully interpreted. Despite its higher throughput more detailed minority variant next-generation sequencing has yet to widely adopted for HIV. The difficulty accurately reconstructing consensus a quasispecies from reads (short fragments DNA) in presence large between- within-host diversity, including frequent indels, may have...
The Present State Examination (PSE) is discussed with regard to its use in surveys of subjects who are not psychiatric patients. Although the PSE was originally developed for by psychiatrists patients obvious mental illness, interview also contains sections dealing considerable detail commoner and less severe complaints symptoms that found a significant proportion 'normal subjects'. A shortened version (8th edition) described, limited these sections, which has been used population surveys,...
Interactions between patients and service providers frequently influence uptake of prevention mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) HIV services in sub-Saharan Africa, but this process has not been examined depth. This study explores how patient-provider relations PMTCT use four government facilities Kisesa, Tanzania. Qualitative data were collected 2012 through participatory group activities with community members (3 male, 3 female groups), in-depth interviews 21 women who delivered recently...
The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) has set a “90-90-90” target to curb the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic by 2020, but methods used assess whether countries have reached this are not standardized, hindering comparisons. Through collaboration formed European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) with HIV cohorts surveillance agencies, we constructed 4-stage continuum of care 11 Union 2013. Stages were defined as (1) number people living in country...
The DREAMS Partnership is an ambitious effort to deliver combinations of biomedical, behavioural and structural interventions reduce HIV incidence among adolescent girls young women (AGYW). To inform multi-sectoral programming at scale, across diverse settings in Kenya South Africa, we identified who the programme reaching, with which what combinations.Randomly-selected cohorts 606 AGYW aged 10-14 years 1081 15-22 Nairobi 2184 13-22 uMkhanyakude, KwaZulu-Natal, were enrolled 2017, after ~ 1...
Background Through a multisectoral approach, the DREAMS Partnership aimed to reduce HIV incidence among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) by 40% over 2 years in high-burden districts across sub-Saharan Africa. promotes combination package of evidence-based interventions individual, family, partner, community-based drivers women’s heightened risk. We evaluated impact on AGYW men settings. Methods findings directly estimated rates open population-based cohorts participating demographic...
This paper examines the differences in diagnostic practice and rating behaviour between groups of psychiatrists trained different centres British Isles, using their observations on three video-taped psychiatric interviews. The findings are also briefly compared with similar data obtained United States.
Background: Achieving the UNAIDS 90-90-90 target by 2020 is expected to end HIV epidemic 2030. We report on progress in WHO European Region meeting this target. Methods: The Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) sent questionnaires 55 countries 2016. estimates 4 stages of continuum care (living with HIV, diagnosed, treated, virally suppressed), corresponding Joint United Nations Programme AIDS (UNAIDS) explore differences subregion challenges reporting data. Findings: Forty-four...
The original aim of the U.S./U.K. Diagnostic Project, founded in 1965, was to examine differences national statistics for diagnostic frequencies among patients admitted state mental hospitals United States America and area England Wales.
<h3>Objectives</h3> This study aimed to identify factors associated with access HIV care and antiretroviral (ARV) drugs for prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) among HIV-positive pregnant women in a community cohort rural Tanzania (Kisesa). <h3>Methods</h3> Kisesa-resident who tested during serosurveillance were (while HIV-positive) between 2005 2012 eligible. Community records linked PMTCT clinic data from four facilities (PMTCT programme implemented 2009; referrals...
Routinely collected clinic data have the potential to provide much needed information on uptake of services prevent mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) HIV, and measure HIV prevalence in pregnant women. This article describes methodological challenges associated with using such data, based experiences researchers programme implementers Tanzania drawing from other examples East Africa. PMTCT are routinely maternal child health (MCH) clinics Africa paper-based registers corresponding distinct...
HIV cohorts are an important source of clinical data for informing public health policies and programmes. However, the generalizability cohort findings to wider population people diagnosed with in each country remains unclear. In this work, we assessed representativeness six large national within Europe.Individual-level were provided from France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Spain United Kingdom. Analysis focused on new diagnoses reported The European Surveillance System (TESSy) during three time...
The Determined, Resilient, Empowered, AIDS-free, Mentored and Safe (DREAMS) Partnership aimed to influence psychosocial processes that promote empowerment among adolescent girls young women (AGYW), reduce HIV incidence. We estimated the impact of DREAMS on aspects AGYW's collective individual agency (specifically, social support self-efficacy), in three settings where was implemented from 2016 until at least end 2018.
Objectives: We sought evidence of DREAMS’ impact on uptake services and sexual risk among adolescent-girls-and-young-women (AGYW). Design: Cohorts AGYW aged 13–22 years were randomly selected in 2017–2018 followed-up to 2019; 1081 Nairobi, Kenya;1171 Gem, western Kenya;and 2184 uMkhanyakude, South Africa. Methods: Outcomes knowledge HIV status, condomless sex (past 12 months), lifetime partners, transactional awareness use condoms pre-exposure-prophylaxis (PrEP). Using a causal inference...
Synopsis The psychiatric ratings, using the In-Patient Multi-dimensional Psychiatric Scale, of (1) a group over 200 psychiatrists from British Isles, (2) third year psychology students, (3) trainee sister tutors, (4) general practitioners attending postgraduate course in psychiatry, and (5) new registrars at Maudsley Hospital, were compared. first hypothesis, that, whereas non-psychiatrists would rate similar levels symptoms, tend to lower than other professional groups, was upheld. second,...
Introduction The continuum of HIV care is a simple conceptual framework for monitoring programmes, comprising series stages that people living with (PLHIV) pass through to access antiretroviral treatment (ART) and achieve viral suppression [1,2]. Individual benefits include reduced risk morbidity mortality. At the population level, reduces onward transmission enables epidemic containment [3]. Transmission may be further by lowering number undiagnosed PLHIV [4,5]. Complete continua are,...
Objectives A key UK public health priority is to reduce HIV incidence among gay and other men who have sex with (MSM). This study aimed explore the social environmental context in which new infections occurred MSM London Brighton 2015. Design qualitative descriptive study, comprising in-depth interviews, was carried out as a substudy Register of Seroconverters cohort: an observational cohort individuals whose date seroconversion well estimated. An inductive thematic analysis conducted NVivo,...
Estimates of population-level coverage with prevention mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) services are vital for monitoring programmes but rarely undertaken. This study describes uptake PMTCT among HIV-positive pregnant women in a community cohort rural Tanzania. Kisesa incorporates demographic and HIV sero-surveillance rounds since 1994. Cohort data were linked retrospectively to records from four clinics 2009 (HIV care treatment clinic (CTC) available one facility 2008; referrals city...
DREAMS aims to reduce HIV incidence among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) by tackling drivers of risk including gender-based violence. We evaluate the impact on recent experiences violence perpetuated men against AGYW. AGYW cohorts were randomly selected from demographic platforms in South Africa (rural KwaZulu-Natal) Kenya (Nairobi informal settlements rural Gem sub-county). aged 13–22 years enrolled 2017 (Nairobi, or 2018 (Gem), with annual follow-up 2019. described proportions who...