A5091093164- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Reproductive tract infections research
- Sex work and related issues
- COVID-19 and healthcare impacts
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Ethics in Clinical Research
- Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
- Adolescent and Pediatric Healthcare
- Chronic Disease Management Strategies
- Diabetes Management and Education
- Patient-Provider Communication in Healthcare
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Homelessness and Social Issues
- Mental Health and Patient Involvement
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
Africa Health Research Institute
2017-2025
University of KwaZulu-Natal
2014-2025
University of Southampton
2016-2025
University College London
2014-2023
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
2007-2023
Wellcome Trust
2023
Creative Commons
2016-2023
Massachusetts General Hospital
2023
University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust
2023
University of the Witwatersrand
2023
Many low and middle-income countries are experiencing colliding epidemics of chronic infectious (ID) non-communicable diseases (NCD). As a result, the prevalence multiple morbidities (MM) is rising.We conducted study to describe epidemiology MM in primary care clinic Khayelitsha. Adults with at least one HIV, tuberculosis (TB), diabetes (DM), hypertension (HPT) were identified between Sept 2012-May 2013 on electronic databases. Using unique patient identifiers, drugs prescribed across all...
Background Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and bacterial vaginosis (BV) are associated with increased transmission of HIV, poor reproductive sexual health. The burden STIs/BV among young people is unknown in many high HIV prevalence settings. We conducted an acceptability, feasibility, study home-based sampling for men women aged 15–24 years old a health demographic surveillance site (HDSS) rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Methods findings A total 1,342 people, stratified by age...
This paper describes marriage and partnership patterns trends in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa from 2000-2006. The study is based on longitudinal, population-based data collected by the Centre demographic surveillance system. We consider
BackgroundAlthough several interventions have shown reduced HIV incidence in clinical trials, the community-level effect of effective on epidemic when scaled up is unknown. We investigated whether a multicomponent, multilevel social and behavioural prevention strategy could reduce incidence, increase testing, risk behaviour, change norms.MethodsFor this phase 3 cluster-randomised controlled trial, 34 communities four sites Africa 14 Thailand were randomly allocated matched pairs to receive...
The burden of non-communicable diseases is rising, particularly in low and middle-income countries undergoing rapid epidemiological transition. In sub-Saharan Africa, this occurring against a background infectious chronic disease epidemics, HIV tuberculosis. Consequently, multi-morbidity, the co-existence more than one condition person, increasing; particular multimorbidity due to comorbid (CNCICD). Such complex major challenge existing models healthcare delivery there need ensure integrated...
The Karonga Health and Demographic Surveillance System (Karonga HDSS) in northern Malawi currently has a population of more than 35 000 individuals under continuous demographic surveillance since completion baseline census (2002–2004). system collects data on vital events migration for households. It also provides cause-specific mortality obtained by verbal autopsy all age groups, estimates rates disease specific presentations via linkage to clinical facility data. HDSS structure surveys...
BackgroundIncreased sexual risk behaviour and HIV prevalence have been reported in migrants compared with non-migrants sub-Saharan Africa. We investigated the association of residential migration patterns behaviours an open, general population cohort rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.MethodsIn a mainly demographic surveillance area northern Africa, we collected longitudinal demographic, migration, behaviour, status data through household twice per year individual once year. All resident...
Men's poorer engagement with healthcare generally and HIV care specifically, compared to women, is well-described. Within the public health domain, interest growing in universal test treat (UTT) strategies. UTT strategies refer expansion of antiretroviral therapy (ART) order reduce onward transmission incidence a population, through "treatment as prevention" (TasP). This paper focuses on how masculinity influences context an on-going TasP trial. Data were collected January-November 2013...
Peer-to-peer (PTP) HIV self-testing (HIVST) distribution models can increase uptake of testing and potentially create demand for treatment pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). We describe the acceptability experiences young women men participating in a cluster randomised trial PTP HIVST antiretroviral/PrEP promotion rural KwaZulu-Natal. Between March September 2019, 24 pairs trained peer navigators were to two approaches distribute packs (kits+HIV prevention information):...
Serious bacterial infections are common in children infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Studies performed before zidovudine became standard therapy found that intravenous immune globulin decreases number of serious these children. We designed a multicenter study to evaluate efficacy advanced HIV infection who were receiving zidovudine.In double-blind trial 255 between 3 months and 12 years age had acquired syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS-related complex randomly assigned receive...
Using longitudinal data from three demographic surveillance systems (DSS) and a retrospective cohort study, we estimate levels trends in the prevalence incidence of orphanhood South Africa, Tanzania, Malawi period 1988-2004. The maternal, paternal, double orphans rose all populations. In Africa - where HIV epidemic started later, has been very severe, not yet stabilized among children is that other living arrangements vary considerably between populations, particularly relation to fathers....
Objectives Research on migration and HIV has largely focused male migration, often failing to measure risks associated with for women. We aimed establish whether associations between infection differ women men, identify possible mechanisms by which women's contributes their high risk. Design Data socio-demographic characteristics, patterns of sexual behavior status were obtained a population 11,677 aged 15–49 men 15–54, resident members households within demographic surveillance area...
Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination induces a marked increase in the interferon (IFN)-gamma response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis purified protein derivative (Mtb PPD) UK adolescents, but not Malawian adolescents. We hypothesized that Mtb PPD-induced IFN-gamma after BCG would be similar infants from these 2 countries. Infants were vaccinated with during first 3-13 weeks of life. Three months vaccination, 51 (100%) had an PPD, compared 41 (53%) 78 infants, whom responses varied...
Background. BCG vaccination of infants is thought to provide good protection in all settings. This study investigated whether Malawian made weaker responses across a cytokine panel after vaccination, compared with UK infants.
<h3>Objectives:</h3> To identify factors associated with sexual debut and early age at first sex (AFS) among young men women (12–25 years) in a population high prevalence incidence of HIV rural South Africa. <h3>Methods:</h3> Longitudinal data from four rounds (2003–7) prospective population-based behaviour survey KwaZulu-Natal were used to investigate the distribution predictors earlier sex. Survival analyses used, each analysis considered separately. <h3>Results:</h3> Among 4724 4029 who...