A5087136833- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
- Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- COVID-19 diagnosis using AI
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Sex work and related issues
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Data-Driven Disease Surveillance
- Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
- Ethics in Clinical Research
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Parasites and Host Interactions
- Fungal Infections and Studies
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
2016-2025
Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme
2015-2024
University of Liverpool
2015-2024
University of Malawi
2013-2024
Faculty of Public Health
2024
Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine
2015-2023
Norwegian University of Science and Technology
2023
University of Glasgow
2023
Kamuzu Central Hospital
2023
Kamuzu University of Health Sciences
2022-2023
Smoking is the leading preventable cause of premature death in United States. Previous studies financial incentives for smoking cessation work settings have not shown that such significant effects on rates, but these had limited power, and used may been insufficient.We randomly assigned 878 employees a multinational company based States to receive information about smoking-cessation programs (442 employees) or plus (436 employees). The were $100 completion program, $250 within 6 months after...
Background Home-based HIV testing and counselling (HTC) achieves high uptake, but is difficult expensive to implement sustain. We investigated a novel alternative based on self-testing (HIVST). The aim was evaluate the uptake of testing, accuracy, linkage into care, health outcomes when highly convenient flexible supported access HIVST kits provided well-defined closely monitored population. Methods Findings Following enumeration 14 neighbourhoods in urban Blantyre, Malawi, trained resident...
Although HIV testing and counseling (HTC) uptake has increased dramatically in Africa, facility-based services are unlikely to ever meet ongoing need the full. A major constraint scaling up community home-based HTC is unacceptability of receiving from a provider known personally prospective clients. We investigated potential supervised oral self-testing this perspective.Adult members 60 households 72 peer groups urban Blantyre, Malawi, were selected using population-weighted random cluster...
BackgroundCurrent diagnostics for HIV-associated tuberculosis are suboptimal, with missed diagnoses contributing to high hospital mortality and approximately 374 000 annual HIV-positive deaths globally. Urine-based assays have a good diagnostic yield; therefore, we aimed assess whether urine-based screening in inpatients improved outcomes.MethodsWe did pragmatic, multicentre, double-blind, randomised controlled trial two hospitals Malawi South Africa. We included medical aged 18 years or...
Post-tuberculosis lung damage (PTLD) is a recognised consequence of pulmonary TB (pTB). However, little known about its prevalence, patterns and associated outcomes, especially in sub-Saharan Africa HIV-positive adults.Adult (≥15 years) survivors first episode pTB Blantyre, Malawi, completed the St George's Respiratory Questionnaire, 6-minute walk test, spirometry high-resolution CT (HRCT) chest imaging at treatment completion. Symptom, spirometry, health seeking, TB-retreatment mortality...
Conventional HIV testing services have been less comprehensive in reaching men than women globally, but self-testing (HIVST) appears to be an acceptable alternative. Measurement of linkage post-test following HIVST remains the biggest challenge, yet is driver cost-effectiveness. We investigated impact alone or with additional interventions on uptake and care prevention among male partners antenatal clinic attendees a novel adaptive trial.An multi-arm, 2-stage cluster randomised trial was...
Objective: An AIDS epidemic among older children and adolescents is clinically apparent in Southern Africa. We estimated the likely scale time course of survivors vertical HIV infection. Design: modelled demographic, prevalence, mother-to-child transmission child survival data to project burden two African countries at different stages severe epidemics. Using measured for children, we estimate that 64% HIV-infected infants are fast progressors with median 0.64 years 36% slow 16.0 years....
Objective To investigate the combined effects of HIV infection and silicosis on mycobacterial disease Design setting A retrospective cohort 1374 HIV-positive 2648 HIV-negative miners who attended a South African gold mining hospital primary health clinics. Participants Miners had been tested for HIV, with consent, at clinics during 1991–1996, predominantly because symptomatic sexually transmitted disease. Results Tuberculosis (TB) incidence was 4.9 1.1 per 100 person–years in respectively....
We present new near-infrared spectroscopic measurements of the Hβ region for a sample 29 luminous high-redshift quasars. have measured width in those sources and added archival to create 92 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) which rest-frame UV N V λ1240 C IV λ1549 emission lines are available. Our spans 6 orders magnitude luminosity includes 31 radio-loud AGNs. It also 10 narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies one broad absorption line quasar. find that metallicity, indicated by V/C ratio, is primarily...
A cohort of 1792 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)—positive and 2970 HIV-negative South African miners was observed for 12 months starting in February 1998. All-cause hospitalizations deaths were significantly associated with HIV infection (respective unadjusted incidence rate ratios, 2.9 9.2; respective 95% confidence intervals, 2.5–3.4 5.5–16.0). Tuberculosis (TB), bacterial pneumonia, cryptococcosis, trauma the major causes admission HIV-positive patients, whereas Pneumocystis carinii...
We hypothesized that rapid presentation may be a general feature of tuberculosis (TB) associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) limits the impact HIV on point prevalence TB. To investigate this, we performed cross-sectional and TB disease survey retrospective prospective follow-up. among 1,773 systematically recruited miners was 27%. incidence much more strongly (incidence rate ratio, 5.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.5-8.6) than undiagnosed (odds 1.7; CI, 0.9-3.3). For...
Recent data from antenatal clinic (ANC) surveillance and general population surveys suggest substantial declines in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence Zimbabwe. We assessed the contributions of rising mortality, falling HIV incidence sexual behaviour change to decline prevalence.
<h3>Importance</h3> Self-testing for HIV infection may contribute to early diagnosis of HIV, but without necessarily increasing antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation. <h3>Objective</h3> To investigate whether offering optional home initiation care after self-testing might increase demand ART initiation, compared with accompanied by facility-based services only. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> Cluster randomized trial conducted in Blantyre, Malawi, between January 30 November 5,...