A5030708247- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
- COVID-19 diagnosis using AI
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Respiratory Support and Mechanisms
- Hepatitis C virus research
- Respiratory viral infections research
- HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses
- Intensive Care Unit Cognitive Disorders
- Biosensors and Analytical Detection
- Disaster Response and Management
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Heart Failure Treatment and Management
- Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment
- Venous Thromboembolism Diagnosis and Management
Heidelberg University
2023-2025
University Hospital Heidelberg
2023-2025
Imperial College London
2024-2025
University College London
2020-2024
North Bristol NHS Trust
2024
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
2015-2024
German Center for Infection Research
2023
Yale University
2014-2022
University of London
2015-2022
Mortimer Market Centre
2014-2022
Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) is known to be associated with time-dependent reductions in tuberculosis (TB) incidence, the long-term impact of ART on incidence remains imprecisely defined due limited duration follow-up and incomplete CD4 cell count recovery existing studies. We determined TB a South African cohort up 8 years stratified rates according recovery. compared these those HIV-uninfected individuals living same community.Prospectively collected clinical data patients...
BackgroundCurrent diagnostics for HIV-associated tuberculosis are suboptimal, with missed diagnoses contributing to high hospital mortality and approximately 374 000 annual HIV-positive deaths globally. Urine-based assays have a good diagnostic yield; therefore, we aimed assess whether urine-based screening in inpatients improved outcomes.MethodsWe did pragmatic, multicentre, double-blind, randomised controlled trial two hospitals Malawi South Africa. We included medical aged 18 years or...
Better access to tuberculosis testing is a key priority for fighting tuberculosis, the leading cause of infectious disease deaths in people. Despite roll-out molecular WHO-recommended rapid diagnostics replace sputum smear microscopy over past decade, large diagnostic gap remains. Of estimated 10·6 million people who developed globally 2022, more than 3·1 were not diagnosed. An exclusive focus on improving test accuracy alone will be sufficient close tuberculosis. Diagnostic yield, which we...
We previously reported that one-third of HIV-positive adults requiring medical admission to a South African district hospital had laboratory-confirmed tuberculosis (TB) and almost two-thirds cases could be rapidly diagnosed using Xpert MTB/RIF-testing concentrated urine samples obtained on the first day admission. Implementation urine-based, routine, point-of-care TB screening is an attractive intervention might facilitated by use simple, low-cost diagnostic tool, such as Determine TB-LAM...
BackgroundNon-sputum-based triage tests for tuberculosis are a priority ending tuberculosis. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of late-prototype Xpert MTB Host Response (Xpert HR) blood-based assay.MethodsWe conducted prospective study among outpatients with presumed in outpatient clinics Viet Nam, India, Philippines, Uganda, and South Africa. Eligible participants were aged 18 years or older reported cough lasting at least 2 weeks. excluded those receiving treatment preceding 12...
BackgroundAntiretroviral therapy (ART) scale-up in sub-Saharan Africa combined with weak routine virological monitoring has driven increasing HIV drug resistance. We investigated ART failure, resistance, and early mortality among patients admitted to hospital Malawi.MethodsThis observational cohort study was nested within the rapid urine-based screening for tuberculosis reduce AIDS-related hospitalised (STAMP) trial, which recruited unselected (ie, irrespective of clinical presentation)...
Background Patients with prevalent or incident tuberculosis (TB) in antiretroviral treatment (ART) programmes sub-Saharan Africa have high mortality risk. However, published data are contradictory as to whether TB is a risk factor for that independent of CD4 cell counts and other patient characteristics. Methods/Findings This observational ART cohort study was based Cape Town, South Africa. Deaths from all causes were ascertained among patients receiving up 8 years. diagnoses 4-monthly...
Low haemoglobin concentrations may be predictive of incident tuberculosis (TB) and death in HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART), but data are limited inconsistent. We examined these relationships retrospectively a long-term South African ART cohort with multiple time-updated measurements.Prospectively collected clinical on for up to 8 years community-based were analysed. Time-updated concentrations, CD4 counts HIV viral loads recorded, TB diagnoses deaths from all...
BackgroundTesting urine improves the number of tuberculosis diagnoses made among patients in hospital with HIV. In conjunction two-country randomised Rapid Urine-based Screening for Tuberculosis to Reduce AIDS-related Mortality Hospitalised Patients Africa (STAMP) trial, we used a microsimulation model estimate effects on clinical outcomes and cost-effectiveness adding urine-based screening sputum hospitalised HIV.MethodsWe compared two strategies irrespective symptoms HIV Malawi South...
Objective To describe the characteristics and outcomes of patients with a clinical diagnosis COVID-19 false-negative SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), develop internally validate diagnostic risk score to predict (including RT-PCR-negative COVID-19) among medical admissions. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Two hospitals within an acute NHS Trust in London, UK. Participants All admitted wards between 2 March 3 May 2020. Outcomes Main were COVID-19, RT-PCR results,...
Abstract Background Xpert MTB/XDR (Cepheid) is recommended by the World Health Organization for drug susceptibility testing in patients with tuberculosis, potential rapid detection of isoniazid and fluoroquinolone resistance. However, diagnostic accuracy clinical utility a programmatic setting are unknown. Methods We evaluated rifampicin-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis during implementation Georgia between July 2022 August 2024, using phenotypic (DST) as reference standard. Results An...
Anaemia is frequently associated with both HIV-infection and HIV-related tuberculosis (TB) in antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve patients sub-Saharan Africa strongly poor prognosis. However, the effect of ART on resolution anaemia patient cohorts a high prevalence incidence incompletely defined impact TB episodes haemoglobin recovery has not previously been reported. We therefore examined these issues using data from well-characterised cohort initiating South Africa. Prospectively collected...
The World Health Organization has developed target product profiles containing minimum and optimum targets for key characteristics tests tuberculosis treatment monitoring optimization.Tuberculosis optimization refers to initiating or switching an effective regimen that results in a high likelihood of good outcome.The also cover cure conducted at the end treatment.The development was informed by stakeholder survey, cost-effectiveness analysis patient-care pathway analysis.Additional feedback...