A5042323572- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference
- HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses
- Cystic Fibrosis Research Advances
- Digestive system and related health
- Radiation Dose and Imaging
- Celiac Disease Research and Management
- Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Statistical Methods and Inference
- Pituitary Gland Disorders and Treatments
- Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia research
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- demographic modeling and climate adaptation
- Diabetes and associated disorders
- Biosensors and Analytical Detection
- Occupational and environmental lung diseases
- Tracheal and airway disorders
- Advanced Causal Inference Techniques
- Neonatal Respiratory Health Research
- Diet and metabolism studies
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Charles University
2014-2024
University of California, San Francisco
2012
University of Washington
1995-2005
Seattle Children's Hospital
2003-2005
National Institutes of Health
2004
Saint Louis University
2003
University of Washington Medical Center
2003
<h3>Objective</h3> To investigate the efficacy and safety of 4 antipseudomonal treatments in children with cystic fibrosis recently acquired<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>infection. <h3>Design</h3> Randomized controlled trial. <h3>Setting</h3> Multicenter trial United States. <h3>Participants</h3> Three hundred four aged 1 to 12 years within 6 months of<i>P aeruginosa</i>detection. <h3>Interventions</h3> Participants were randomized antibiotic regimens for 18 (six 12-week quarters) between...
Case-cohort data analyses often ignore valuable information on cohort members not sampled as cases or controls. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study investigators, for example, typically report just the 10%–15% of subjects substudies their 15,972 participants. Remaining contribute to stratified sampling weights only. Analysis methods implemented freely available R statistical system (http://cran.r-project.org/) make better use through adjustment via calibration estimation. By...
BackgroundAlthough several interventions have shown reduced HIV incidence in clinical trials, the community-level effect of effective on epidemic when scaled up is unknown. We investigated whether a multicomponent, multilevel social and behavioural prevention strategy could reduce incidence, increase testing, risk behaviour, change norms.MethodsFor this phase 3 cluster-randomised controlled trial, 34 communities four sites Africa 14 Thailand were randomly allocated matched pairs to receive...
Uranium miners are chronically exposed to low levels of radon and its progeny. We investigated whether exposure is associated with increased incidence leukemia, lymphoma, or multiple myeloma in this population.We conducted a retrospective case-cohort study 23,043 uranium identified total 177 incident cases myeloma. Detailed information on occupational was obtained for the randomly selected subcohort 2,393 subjects. used proportional hazards model power relative risk (RR) function estimate...
The case-cohort design is a common means of reducing the cost covariate measurements in large failure-time studies. Under this design, complete data are collected only on cases (i. e., subjects whose failure times uncensored) and subcohort randomly selected from whole cohort. In many applications, certain covariates readily measured all cohort members, surrogate expensive also may be available. existing relative-risk estimators for disregard outside sample thus incur loss efficiency. To make...
Abstract Parechoviruses are assumed to be common infectious agents, but their epidemiologic and pathogenic properties not well known. The aim of the present study was assess prevalence molecular epidemiology Parechovirus in Norwegian infants, as investigate whether presence virus correlated with symptoms infection. A group 102 infants longitudinally followed: 51 a high genetic risk for type 1 diabetes (aged 3–35 months), children without this genotype 3–12). Stool samples were obtained each...
The case-cohort design is a common means of reducing cost in large epidemiological cohort studies. Under this design, covariates are measured only on the cases and subcohort randomly selected from entire cohort. In paper, we demonstrate how to use data estimate regression parameter additive hazards model, which specifies that conditional hazard function given set sum an arbitrary baseline covariates. proposed estimator shown be consistent asymptotically normal with easily estimated variance....
Rationale: Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), an important measure of pulmonary disease severity patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), is frequently expressed as a percentage predicted value derived from healthy reference population. There are limitations to comparing the lung function patient CF that control subjects, and potential advantages it other CF.Objective: To estimate CF-specific percentiles FEV1 functions height, age, sex.Methods: We used 287,108 observations among more...
Of 2.5 million new HIV infections worldwide in 2007, most occurred sub-Saharan Africa and southeast Asia. We present the baseline data on risk behaviors testing northern Thailand from Project Accept, a community-randomized controlled trial of community mobilization, mobile voluntary counseling (VCT), posttest support services.A random household probability sample individuals aged 18-32 years yielded 14,657, with response rates ranging 84%-94% across 5 sites (Thailand, Zimbabwe, Tanzania, 2...
Zimbabwe's HIV epidemic is amongst the worst in world, and disproportionately effects poorer rural areas. Access to almost all health services Zimbabwe includes some form of cost client. In recent years, socio-economic employment status many Zimbabweans has suffered a serious decline, creating additional barriers treatment care. We aimed assess impact i) (SES) ii) on utilization Zimbabwe. Data were collected from random probability sample household survey conducted Mutoko district...
Abstract Objectives Antigen tests have recently emerged as an interesting alternative to SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic PCR, thought be valuable especially for the screening of bigger communities. To check appropriateness antigen based testing, we determined sensitivity two point-of-care when applied a cohort COVID-19 symptomatic, asymptomatic and healthy persons. Methods We examined nasopharyngeal swabs with test 1 (Panbio Covid-19 Ag Rapid Test, Abbott) 2 (Standard F FIA, SD Biosensor). An...
Abstract The additive hazards model specifies that the hazard function conditional on a set of covariates is sum an arbitrary baseline and regression covariates. This article deals with analysis this semiparametric censored failure time data when are subject to measurement error. We assume true covariate measured randomly chosen validation set, whereas Surrogate (i.e., error-prone version covariate) all study subjects. modeled as linear plus random Only moment conditions imposed error...
The aim was to assess trends in incidence of pediatric type 1 diabetes (T1D) using data recorded by the population-based Czech Childhood Diabetes Register over 1989-2009.New cases childhood-onset T1D aged 0-14.9 yr were EURODIAB protocol two independent sources with combined estimated completeness 98.6%. modeled Poisson regression, and effects age calendar time on assessed piecewise linear functions.A total 5155 ascertained 1989-2009 from an average population 1.76 million. Two points change...
Background Accurate methods of HIV incidence determination are critically needed to monitor the epidemic and determine population level impact prevention trials. One such trial, Project Accept, a Phase III, community-randomized evaluated enhanced, community-based voluntary counseling testing on population-level incidence. The primary endpoint trial was based single, cross-sectional, post-intervention assessment. Methods Findings Test performance for 403 multi-assay algorithms [MAAs] that...
Background National Institute of Mental Health Project Accept (HIV Prevention Trials Network [HPTN] 043) is a large, Phase III, community-randomized, HIV prevention trial conducted in 48 matched communities Africa and Thailand. The study intervention included enhanced community-based voluntary counseling testing. primary endpoint was incidence, assessed single, cross-sectional, post-intervention survey >50,000 participants. Methods rapid tests were performed in-country. status confirmed at...
Abstract Aim To test whether a gluten‐free diet (GFD) is associated with the deceleration of decline in beta‐cell capacity non‐coeliac children recently diagnosed type 1 diabetes. Methods Forty‐five (aged 10.2 ± 3.3 years) were recruited into self‐selected intervention trial: 26 started GFD within median 38 days postonset, whereas 19 remained on standard diet. The main outcomes C‐peptide area under curve (AUC) mixed‐meal tolerance tests (MMTTs) at 6 and 12 months relative to month after...
OBJECTIVE—The overlap between genetic susceptibility to celiac disease (CD) and type 1 diabetes is incomplete; therefore, some polymorphisms may significantly modify the risk of CD in subjects with diabetes. This study aimed investigate whether diabetic children modified by positivity for HLA-DQB1*02-DQA1*05 DQB1*0302-DQA1*03 alleles single nucleotide within genes encoding CTLA4, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, tumor necrosis (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-2, IL-6,...
Men in sub-Saharan Africa are less likely than women to initiate antiretroviral therapy (ART) and more have longer cycles of disengagement from ART programmes. Treatment interventions that meet the unique needs men needed, but they must be scalable. We will test impact various on 6-month retention programmes among living with HIV who not currently engaged care (never initiated clients treatment interruption). conduct a programmatic, individually randomised, non-blinded, controlled trial....