A5107305042- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Genital Health and Disease
- Sex work and related issues
- Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting Issues
- HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Intimate Partner and Family Violence
- Urologic and reproductive health conditions
- Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare
- Reproductive Health and Contraception
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Reproductive tract infections research
- Ethics and Legal Issues in Pediatric Healthcare
- Parasites and Host Interactions
- Healthcare Systems and Reforms
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Autopsy Techniques and Outcomes
Uganda Virus Research Institute
2015-2025
Rakai Health Sciences Program
2015-2025
Makerere University
2000-2024
Ministry of Health
2020
National Institute for Medical Research
2016
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
2014
Johns Hopkins University
2003-2012
Institute of Population and Public Health
2004
Rockefeller Foundation
2000
Fogarty International Center
2000
To assess whether differences in age between sexual partners affect the risk of HIV infection female adolescents and young adults.A total 6177 ever sexually active women aged 15 to 29 years completed a sociodemographic behavior questionnaire provided blood sample for HIV-1 serology. The difference was categorized as men 0 4 older (referent group), 5 9 10 or more older. prevalence incidence were assessed, adjusted RR estimated by multivariate regression.Prevalent participants increased with...
Background Male circumcision is associated with reduced HIV acquisition. Methods acquisition was determined in a cohort of 5507 HIV-negative Ugandan men, and 187 men discordant relationships. Transmission 223 HIV-positive partners. incidence per 100 person years (py) adjusted rate ratios (RR) 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated by Poisson regression. HIV-1 serum viral load for the seropositive partners HIV-discordant couples. Results The prevalence 16.5% all men; 99.1% Muslims 3.7%...
To estimate 2-year mortality rates in HIV-1-infected and uninfected infants born to HIV mothers.Data are from a prospective study rural Rakai District, Uganda. Infant status (determined by polymerase chain reaction) was evaluated at 1 6 weeks postpartum during breast-feeding, maternal viral load CD4 levels were measured the visit. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models Kaplan-Meier survival analysis used assess of infant quartiles load. Log-rank tests test equality functions.Of 4604...
Although there is increasing recognition of the scope and significance sexual coercion experienced by adolescent women in developing countries, evidence on its consequences for reproductive health remains limited.A sample 575 sexually 15-19-year-old were interviewed 2001-2002 as part ongoing Rakai surveillance project rural Uganda. Chi-square tests logistic regressions used to investigate associations between coerced first intercourse selected behaviors outcomes.Fourteen percent young...
Objective: To examine the association between alcohol use and HIV acquisition. Design methods: We examined before sex incident in a population-based cohort Rakai, Uganda, 1994 2002. Adjusted incidence rate ratios (adjIRR) of acquisition 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated by Poisson multivariate regression. also adjusted prevalence to assess number partners consistency condom use. Results: In 6791 men 8084 women was 1.4 per 100 person-years 1.5 person-years, respectively. After...
Reports from the United States have demonstrated that elevated markers of microbial translocation gut may be found in chronic and advanced HIV-1 infection are associated with an increase immune activation. However, this phenomenon's role disease Africa is unknown. This study examined longitudinal relationship between circulating inflammatory cytokine responses a cohort people varying rates progression Rakai, Uganda. Multiple for (lipopolysaccharide, endotoxin antibody, sCD14) did not change...
Background It is often assumed that local sexual networks play a dominant role in HIV spread sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of this study was to determine the extent which continued transmission rural communities—home two-thirds African population—is driven by intra-community versus viral introductions from outside communities. Methods and Findings We analyzed spatial dynamics Rakai District, Uganda, using data cohort 14,594 individuals within 46 applied clustering statistics, phylogenetics,...
ObjectivesThere is a high demand for SARS-CoV-2 testing to identify COVID-19 cases. Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) the recommended diagnostic test but number of constraints prevent its widespread implementation, including cost. The aim this study was evaluate low cost and easy use rapid antigen diagnosing at point care.MethodsNasopharyngeal swabs from suspected cases low-risk volunteers were tested with STANDARD Q Ag Test results compared qRT-PCR results.ResultsIn total, 262 samples...
Low contraceptive uptake and high unmet need for contraception remain significant issues in Uganda compared to neighboring countries such as Kenya, Ethiopia, Rwanda. Although prior research on has indicated that male partners strongly influence women's decisions around use, there is limited in-depth qualitative knowledge concerns regarding modern methods among Ugandan men. Using interviews (N = 41), this study investigated major sources of about perceptions side effects married RESULTS: Men...
BackgroundInternational and global organisations advocate targeting interventions to areas of high HIV prevalence (ie, hotspots). To better understand the potential benefits geo-targeted control, we assessed extent which hotspots along Lake Victoria sustain transmission in neighbouring populations south-central Uganda.MethodsWe did a population-based survey Rakai, Uganda, using data from Rakai Community Cohort Study. The study surveyed all individuals aged 15–49 years four high-prevalence...
To assess the timing of symptomatic genital ulcer disease (GUD) relative to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroconversion, we studied 248 case subjects who underwent HIV seroconversion and 496 HIV-negative control subjects, at 3 interview visits conducted 10-month intervals: visit 1, before acquisition; 2, after seroconversion; 3, 10 months detection seroconversion. Odds ratios (ORs) 95% confidence intervals (CIs), for acquisition, were estimated by logistic regression. load was measured...
Objective: To model the effects of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and HIV vaccines on transmission using empirical data from studies in Rakai, Uganda. Design: A stochastic simulation estimated incidence, probabilities per coital act reproductive number (R0) with ART vaccines. Model inputs included Rakai by viral load, age gender, sexual behaviors. The impacts were derived US programs, vaccine assumptions preventive efficacies ranging 25 to 75%. Component projection models numbers HIV-infected...
Objective To assess mortality impact of HIV in rural Uganda. Methods An open cohort 19 983 adults aged 15–59 years, Rakai district was followed at 10 month intervals for four surveys. Sociodemographic characteristics and symptomatology/disease conditions were assessed by interview. Deaths among residents out-migrants identified household census. Mortality rates computed per 1000 person years (py) the rate ratio (RR) death HIV-positive/HIV-negative subjects, population attributable fraction...
To evaluate the limitations of rapid tests for HIV-1.Diagnostic test accuracy study.Rural Rakai, Uganda.1517 males aged 15-49 screened trials circumcision HIV prevention.Sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive values, and positive values an algorithm using three HIV, compared with results enzyme immunoassay western blotting as optimal methods.Rapid were evaluated by blotting. Sensitivity was 97.7%. Among 639 samples where strength bands coded if sample showed positivity had low...
Introduction: Male circumcision reduces HIV acquisition in men. We assessed whether foreskin surface area was associated with prior to circumcision. Methods: In two randomized trials of male circumcision, the measured after surgery using standardized procedures. Nine hundred and sixty-five initially HIV-negative men were enrolled a community cohort who subsequently trials, provided 3920.8 person-years observation estimated incidence per 100 categorized into quartiles. Results: Mean...
A genetic bottleneck is known to exist for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) at the point of sexual transmission. However, nature this and its effect on viral diversity over time unclear.Interhost intrahost HIV was analyzed in a stable population Rakai, Uganda, from 1994 2002. HIV-1 envelope sequences both individuals initially HIV-discordant relationships which transmission occurred later were examined using Sanger sequencing bulk polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products (for 22 couples),...
Objectives: To assess the linkage of sexually transmitted disease (STD) symptoms and treatable STD to HIV incidence. Design: Analysis a randomized trial control for prevention, Rakai, Uganda. Methods: Consenting adults 15-59 years age were seen at 10-monthly home visits, interviewed regarding symptoms, asked provide samples diagnoses. incidence was determined in 8089 HIV-negative subjects over 10457 person years. Adjusted rate ratios (RR) 95% confidence intervals (CI) acquisition associated...
Background: Hormonal contraceptives have been associated with increased risk of HIV acquisition. Methods: The association between hormonal contraception use and acquisition was assessed in a rural community-based cohort Rakai District, Uganda. A group 5117 sexually active HIV-negative women were surveyed at 10 month intervals 1994 1999. Information on demographic sociobehavioral characteristics, (pill injectable methods), condoms the number sexual partners obtained by home-based interview....
Background Data comparing survival of formula-fed to breast-fed infants in programmatic settings are limited. We compared mortality and HIV-free breast born HIV-positive mothers a program rural, Rakai District Uganda. Methodology/Principal Findings One hundred eighty two were followed at one, six twelve months postpartum. Mothers given infant-feeding counseling allowed make informed choices as whether formula-feed or breast-feed. Eligible received antiretroviral therapy (ART) if indicated....