Adults learning a new language are faced with significant challenge: non-native speech sounds that perceptually similar to in one's native can be very difficult acquire. Sleep and interference, 2 factors may help explain this difficulty acquisition, addressed 3 studies. Results of Experiment 1 showed participants trained on contrast at night improved discrimination 24 hr after training, while those the morning no such improvement. Experiments possibility incidental exposure during day...

This investigation explored the generalization of phonetic learning across talkers following training on a nonnative (Hindi dental and retroflex) contrast. Participants were trained in two groups, either morning or evening. Discrimination identification performance was assessed talker an untrained three times over 24 h training. Results suggest that overnight consolidation promotes identification, but not necessarily discrimination, speech sounds.

Abstract Background During the first 3-years of life, as brain undergoes dramatic growth, children begin to develop speech and language. Hallmarks this progression are seen when reach developmental milestones, forming foundation Expressive language such production a child’s word, delayed in 5–8% children. While for some delays reaching these milestones harbingers disorders, others expressive appear resolve. Regardless whether or not early skills resolved, difficulty with later comprehension...

The majority of reading research takes place in high-income ‘Minority World’ countries where children typically begin learning to read early childhood. This research, however, does not reflect the experience many around world who learn later childhood or adolescence. Crucially, life may rely on different cognitive systems. Specifically, procedural learning, which supports sequence and pattern reaches maturity adolescence, while declarative arbitrary mapping form meaning, continues develop...

Lexically-guided phonetic retuning helps listeners adapt to the "fingerprint" of a talker. Previous findings show that can generalise from one accented talker another talker, but only for phonetically similar talkers. We tested whether sleep-mediated consolidation promotes generalisation across talkers who are not similar. Native-English participants were trained on Mandarin-accented and this an untrained Mandarin Experiment 1 showed adaptation weak transfer In 2, either in morning (Same-Day...

The current review provides specific predictions for the role of sleep-mediated memory consolidation in formation new speech sound representations. Specifically, this discussion will highlight selected literature on different ideas concerning category representation speech, followed by a broad overview and how it relates to human behavior, as relevant speech/perceptual learning. In combining behavioral physiological accounts from animal models with insights auditory skill/word learning, we...

Developmental language disorder (DLD) and developmental dyslexia (DD) are two prevalent subtypes of Specific Learning Disabilities (SLDs;

Purpose This study examined procedural and declarative learning consolidation abilities in adults with developmental language disorder (DLD) relative to their typical (TD) peers. Method A total of 100 young (age 18-24 years) (n = 21) without 79) DLD participated across two sites. Performance measures on a recognition memory task serial reaction time were used assess memory, respectively. was measured shortly after (8 a.m.) again 12-hr, overnight delay a.m.). Results Linear mixed-effects...

This study examined the relationship between native phonological processing ability and learning outcome of a trained nonnative (Hindi /ɖ/ - /d̪/) contrast. Participants were perceptually assessed in evening, reassessed early next morning. Native did not predict contrasts on Day 1. However, after period post-training sleep, Blending predicted Discrimination performance, Nonword Repetition Identification. These findings may point to similarities processes involved maintaining representations...

Substantial progress has been made in understanding the neurocognitive underpinnings of learning math. Building on this work, it hypothesized that declarative and procedural memory, two domain-general memory systems, play important roles acquiring math skills. In a longitudinal study, we tested whether fact predict children's skills during elementary school years. A sample 109 children was across grades 2, 3 4. Linear mixed-effects regression structural equation modeling revealed following....

ABSTRACT Prior research has demonstrated that linguistic skills and knowledge contribute to successful reading acquisition. In contrast, little is known about the influence of domain‐general learning abilities on reading. To investigate associations between general memory functions during early stages read, performance measures word‐level declarative procedural were obtained in a cohort 140 children, annually their first 4 years school. We hypothesized differences task would relate ability...

Individual differences in phonological processing abilities have often been attributed to perceptual factors, rather than factors relating learning and memory. Here, we consider the contribution of individual declarative procedural memory performance adulthood. We examined processing, memory, 79 native English-speaking young adults with typical language reading abilities. Declarative was assessed a recognition task real made-up objects. Procedural serial reaction time task. For both tasks,...

Lexically-guided phonetic retuning helps listeners adapt to non-canonical productions produced by a given speaker (e.g., foreign-accented speaker). Our previous work shows that when tested immediately after training on one accented talker, generalized only talkers were acoustically similar the trained talker. In present study, we whether sleep-mediated consolidation promotes talker generalization novel who is not in their realizations. Focusing word-final alveolar stops, examined...

A topic of recent debate is the hypothesis that deficits associated with developmental disorders language, such as reading disability, can be explained by a selective weakness in procedural memory. Adults ( n = 29; RD) and without TD) disability completed weather prediction task under immediate delayed feedback conditions, rely on striatal (procedural) hippocampal (declarative) circuits, respectively. We examined trial‐by‐trial accuracy condition (immediate vs. delayed) group (RD TD). In...

Abstract Research over the past two decades has documented importance of sleep to language learning. Sleep been suggested play a role in establishing new speech representations as well; however, neural mechanisms corresponding sleep-mediated effects on perception behavior are unknown. In this study, we trained monolingual English-speaking adults perceive differences between Hindi dental vs. retroflex contrast evening. We examined blood oxygen level dependent signal using functional magnetic...

Research on emergent reading has focused almost exclusively children who begin learning to read by age 5-6, despite the fact that many around world later in childhood. Little is known about how older learn for first time. Importantly, procedural supports children’s ability acquire new skills implicitly and apply those with automaticity. Procedural therefore thought support early reading-related skills, such as phonological awareness. However, they may become less reliant learning. Older...