What does it feel like to own, control, and be inside a body? The multidimensional nature of this experience together with the continuous presence one's biological body, render both theoretical experimental approaches problematic. Nevertheless, exploitation immersive virtual reality has allowed reframing question whether is possible same sensations towards body an environment as toward if so, what extent. current paper addresses these issues by referring Sense Embodiment (SoE). Due...

Recent studies have shown that a fake body part can be incorporated into human representation through synchronous multisensory stimulation on the and corresponding real – most famous example being Rubber Hand Illusion. However, extent to which gross asymmetries in assimilated remains unknown. Participants experienced, head-tracked stereo head-mounted display virtual coincident with their body. There were 5 conditions between-groups experiment, 10 participants per condition. In all there was...

It has been shown that it is possible to generate perceptual illusions of ownership in immersive virtual reality (IVR) over a body seen from first person perspective, other words visually substitutes the person's real body. This can occur even when quite different appearance However, investigation psychological, behavioral and attitudinal consequences such transformations remains an interesting problem with much be discovered. Thirty six Caucasian people participated between-groups...

Research on motor imagery has identified many similarities between imagined and executed actions at the behavioral, physiological neural levels, thus supporting their "functional equivalence". In contrast, little is known about possible "computational equivalence"-specifically, whether brain's internal forward models predict sensory consequences of movements as they do for overt movements. Here, we address this question by assessing self-generated touch produces an attenuation real tactile...

Advances in computer graphics algorithms and virtual reality (VR) systems, together with the reduction cost of associated equipment, have led scientists to consider VR as a useful tool for conducting experimental studies fields such neuroscience psychology. In particular body ownership, where feeling ownership over is elicited participant, has become study representation, cognitive psychology, concerned how brain represents body. Although been shown be exploring illusions, integrating...

Abstract Agency, the attribution of authorship to an action our body, requires intention carry out action, and subsequently a match between its predicted actual sensory consequences. However, illusory agency can be generated through priming together with perception bodily even when there has been no corresponding action. Here we show that participants have illusion over walking virtual body though in reality they are seated only allowed head movements. The experiment (n = 28) had two...

Significance When we touch one hand with the other, feels less intense than identical touches generated by another person or robot. This is because our brain predicts contact between hands and attenuates expected sensation. Here, describe how attenuation of self-touch depends on experienced ownership touching hand. We found that illusory a rubber like one’s own attenuated. also reverse: The real reduced when far from receiving These findings are important they demonstrate sensory predictions...

Since the early 1970s, numerous behavioral studies have shown that self-generated touch feels less intense and ticklish than same applied externally. Computational motor control theories suggested cerebellar internal models predict somatosensory consequences of our movements these predictions attenuate perception actual touch. Despite this influential theoretical framework, little is known about neural basis predictive attenuation. This due to limited number neuroimaging studies, presence...

Self-generated touch feels less intense than external of the same intensity. According to theory, this is because brain predicts and attenuates somatosensory consequences our movements using a copy motor command, i.e., efference copy. However, whether necessary for attenuation unclear. Alternatively, predictable contact two body parts could be sufficient. Here we quantified applied on participants' left index finger when was triggered by active or passive movement right it externally...

In recent decades, research on somatosensory perception has led to two important observations. First, self-generated touches that are predicted by voluntary movements become attenuated compared with externally generated of the same intensity (attenuation). Second, feel weaker and more difficult detect during movement than at rest (gating). At present, researchers often consider gating attenuation suppression process; however, this assumption is unwarranted because, despite 40 years research,...

Abstract The feeling of “ownership” over an external dummy/virtual body (or part) has been proven to have both physiological and behavioural consequences. For instance, the vision “embodied” dummy or virtual can modulate pain perception. However, impact partial total invisibility on physiology behaviour hardly explored since it presents obvious difficulties in real world. In this study we how transparency affects ownership threshold. By means reality, presented healthy participants with a...

In immersive virtual reality (IVR) it is possible to replace a person's real body by life-sized that seen from first person perspective visually substitute their own. Multisensory feedback the (such as correspondence of touch and also movement) can be present. Under these conditions participants typically experience subjective ownership illusion (BOI) over body, even though they know not one. most studies applications posture bodies are similar possible. Here we were interested in whether...

When we successfully achieve willed actions, the feeling that our moving body parts belong to self (i.e., ownership) is barely required. However, how and what extent awareness of own contributes neurocognitive processes subserving actions still debated. Here capitalized on immersive virtual reality in order examine whether ownership influences motor performance (and, secondly, if it modulates voluntariness). Healthy participants saw a either from first or third person perspective. In both...

Summary form only given. It has been shown that it is possible to generate perceptual illusions of ownership in immersive virtual reality (IVR) over a body visually substitutes person's real body, independently appearance differences between the two [1, 2]. However, psychological, behavioral and attitudinal consequences such transformations remain unknown [3]. Thirty six Caucasian people participated between-groups experiment where they played West-African Djembe hand drum accompanying...

Human survival requires quick and accurate movements, both with without tools. To overcome the sensorimotor delays noise, brain uses internal forward models to predict sensory consequences of an action. Here, we investigated whether these predictions are computed similarly for actions involving hand-held tools natural hand movements. We hypothesized that predictive attenuation touch observed when touching one other would also be touches applied a tool. first show is left index finger right...

Self-generated touch feels less intense and ticklish than identical externally generated touch. This somatosensory attenuation occurs because the brain predicts tactile consequences of our self-generated movements. To produce attenuation, predictions need to be time-locked movement, but how maintains this temporal tuning remains unknown. Using a bimanual self-touch paradigm, we demonstrate that people can rapidly unlearn attenuate immediately after their movement learn delayed instead,...

Experimental work on body ownership illusions showed how simple multisensory manipulation can generate the illusory experience of an artificial limb as being part own-body. This highlighted own-body perception relies a plastic brain representation emerging from integration. The flexibility this is reflected in short-term modulations physiological states and perceptual processing observed during these illusions. Here, we explore impact temporal dimension We show that, illusion, window for...

Previous studies on body ownership illusions have shown that under certain multimodal conditions, healthy people can experience artificial body-parts as if they were part of their own body, with direct physiological consequences for the real limb gets 'substituted'. In this study we wanted to assess (a) whether 'missing' a body-part through illusory an amputated virtual and (b) would cause corticospinal excitability changes in muscles associated body-part. Forty right-handed participants saw...

Dominant motor control theories propose that the brain predicts and attenuates somatosensory consequences of actions, referred to as attenuation. Support comes from psychophysical neuroimaging studies showing touch applied on a passive hand elicits attenuated perceptual neural responses if it is actively generated by one's other hand, compared an identical external origin. However, recent experimental findings have challenged this view providing evidence perceived intensity enhanced active...

Abstract An organism’s ability to accurately anticipate the sensations caused by its own actions is crucial for a wide range of behavioral, perceptual, and cognitive functions. Notably, sensorimotor expectations produced when touching one’s body attenuate such sensations, making them feel weaker less ticklish rendering easily distinguishable from potentially harmful touches external origin. How brain learns keeps these action-related sensory updated unclear. Here we employ psychophysics...

The brain predicts the sensory consequences of our movements and uses these predictions to attenuate perception self-generated sensations. Accordingly, touch feels weaker than an externally generated identical intensity. In schizophrenia, this somatosensory attenuation is substantially reduced, suggesting that patients with positive symptoms fail accurately predict process touch. If impaired prediction underlies then a similar impairment should exist in healthy nonclinical individuals high...

Intrinsic delays in sensory feedback can be detrimental for motor control. As a compensation strategy, the brain predicts consequences of movement via forward model on basis copy command. Using these predictions, attenuates somatosensory reafference to facilitate processing exafferent information. Theoretically, this predictive attenuation is disrupted by (even minimal) temporal errors between predicted and actual reafference; however, direct evidence such disruption lacking as previous...

Attention to deviant notes in familiar food odours serves as a protective mechanism that leads the rejection of contaminated foods. However, when caloric need is high cost not eating may outweigh risk contamination. To what extent attentional focus on potentially odour components influenced by metabolic state unknown. In this study, participants (N = 38) made judgments perceptual dominance target (food or non-food) an mixture under hungry and sated conditions. Our results demonstrate 1) are...

Our perception is shaped by prior expectations, including those about the timing of our sensations. These temporal expectations can be formed recognizing patterns in onset sensory inputs. However, somatosensory domain, it remains unclear how these impact speed and accuracy judgments, as previous research has yielded mixed results. Here, participants used auditory tones to anticipate forces applied their fingers discriminated intensity compared a reference force. Experiment 1 showed that had...