We present the first synthesis of life history and ecology seahorses, compare relationships for seahorses with other marine teleosts identify research needs. Seahorses occurred primarily amidst temperate seagrasses tropical coral reefs. Population densities were generally low, ranging from 0 to 0·51 individuals m −2 , but reached 10 in some patches. Inferred spans ranged 1 5 years. consumed live prey possibly changed diet as they grew. Growth rates are poorly investigated date. Reproduction...

Nomenclatural clarity is vital for the collection, dissemination, and retrieval of natural history information, which itself necessary effective conservation management species. Seahorses (genus Hippocampus) are small marine fishes that in many cases heavily exploited suffering severe population declines worldwide, leading to concern action. Here we provide a brief seahorse taxonomy, attempt clarify nomenclature by reducing redundancy exposing areas disagreement need further study. We an...

Abstract In principle, the database generated by Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) offers an unparalleled opportunity to analyse trade species conservation concern. The value is assessed context 47 seahorse ( Hippocampus spp.), all which are included CITES Appendix II. This listing requires that 180 Parties (member Parties) limit exports levels do not damage wild populations, ensure they obtained legally, report their CITES. An evident...

Abstract Marine community science presents an important route to gather valuable scientific information while also influencing local management and policy, thus contributing marine conservation efforts. Because seahorses are cryptic but charismatic species, they good candidates for engaging diverse people help overcome the many gaps in biological knowledge. We have synthesized contributed project iSeahorse from October 2013 April 2022 35 of 46 known seahorse species. then compared obtained...

Our research analyses people's motivations in the bottom trawling industry as a crucial step toward mitigating its impacts. Bottom trawling, which involves dragging weighted net across seabed, captures and damages virtually all organisms path. This practice has negatively impacted fishers by diminishing food security, intensifying competition for artisanal small-scale fishers, escalating human rights violations, triggering social violent conflicts. While obvious solution seems to be limit...

Based on evidence of conservation successes obtained in marine protected areas, one the main options to mitigate impact and restore biodiversity that have been damaged by bottom trawling (BT) fishing is ban practice certain areas. Since resources are being increasingly invested creation management those assessments their effectiveness essential for guiding future planning. This an original study aims at understanding what happens biota after area closed BT, which environmental...

Given the array of concerns about bottom trawling – and many attempts to provide reassurance its sustainability it is surprising worrying how little we know effects these fisheries on ocean spaces species. Our study uncovers critical gaps in our understanding global impact marine ecosystems, highlighting challenges knowledge deficiencies pose for effective environmental, social, economic management. extensive literature survey reveals significant skews ecological impacts trawling, four...

<i>Background:</i> For MR perfusion-diffusion mismatch to be clinically useful as a means of selecting patients for thrombolysis, it needs occur in real time at the MRI console. Visual assessment has been used and trials but not systematically validated. We compared accuracy visually rating console-generated images with offline volumetric measurements using data from Echoplanar Imaging Thrombolytic Evaluation Trial (EPITHET). <i>Methods:</i> Perfusion time-to-peak...

Nonselective fishing gears extract a great many small marine species, with limited documentation or assessment of their impacts. Among those seahorses (genus Hippocampus ) are unusual because this genus has been the focus scientific surveys and international trade regulation. Our review published unpublished data sources analyzed on seahorse bycatch for five gear‐type categories 22 countries. The median catch per unit effort across all gear types was 0.96 vessel −1 day . Nonetheless, fleet...

Reconciling conservation goals with sustainable resource use requires adaptive management strategies. The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) regulates global trade for species listed Appendix II, partly by requiring member countries (parties) to ensure exports do not damage wild populations (called making positive "nondetriment findings" [NDFs]). Unfortunately, when parties find NDFs difficult, they often suspend legal trade, imposing...

Abstract: Management tools are needed to help regulate the international trade in seahorses ( Hippocampus spp.) under Convention on International Trade Endangered Species (CITES) of Wild Fauna and Flora. Given limited understanding seahorse population dynamics fishing mortality, a single minimum size limit for all species appears be useful initial step toward adaptive management, both biologically socially. We collected data maximum height at first maturity 32 cross‐validated with results...

Actions for conservation and sustainable use need to be judged on their efficacy in achieving declared objectives. The Convention International Trade Endangered Species of Wild Fauna Flora (CITES) is unusual among global agreements because it has teeth; a process called the Review Significant (RST) allows disciplinary action form trade suspensions directed at countries that do not meet obligations. We used seahorses (Hippocampus spp., 46 species), which are traded large numbers under CITES...

Life‐history variables for three incidentally captured species of seahorse (Kellogg's Hippocampus kelloggi , the hedgehog spinosissimus and three‐spot trimaculatus ) were established using specimens obtained from 33 fisheries landing sites in Peninsular Malaysia. When samples pooled by across peninsula, sex ratios not significantly different unity, height mass relationships significant all species. For two these species, at physical maturity ( H M was smaller than which reproductive activity...

Two seahorse species, Hippocampus spinosissimus and trimaculatus , sampled in east west coastal waters of Peninsular Malaysia, fed mostly on crustacean prey; small caridean shrimps amphipods as adults (both species), copepods larval meroplankton juveniles (for H. only). The similar short relative gut length (~0.4) both species is consistent with a carnivorous diet. Both are considered specialists prey selection, focusing slow-moving epibenthic, hyperbenthic canopy-dwelling crustaceans that...

The current study presents information on size distributions, at recruitment to the fishery, maturity and patterns of reproduction for several small benthic fishes caught as by‐catch in southern Gulf California (Mexico) shrimp trawl fishery: sand perch Diplectrum spp., lumptail searobin Prionotus stephanophrys , bigscale goatfish Pseudupeneus grandisquamis silver stardrum Stellifer illecebrosus . P. S. populations were all sexually dimorphic size. Total‐length ( L T )‐based analyses did not...

Analysing the associations between endangered White's seahorse Hippocampus whitei and characteristics of its environment (including habitat, prey predator variables) in an estuary New South Wales, Australia, revealed that seahorses had a greater number significant with environmental correlates within single seagrass bed than among beds. Predator abundance was negatively correlated H. abundances seven beds (200–6,000 m apart) no ecological correlate associated body size distributions. Within...