CFD results. A variety of grid systems (both structured and unstructured) were used. Trends due to flap angle analyzed, effects family, density, solver, turbulence model addressed. Some participants alsoassessed theeffects supportbrackets used toattach the flapandslatto themain wing.Thispaper analyzesthe combined results from all workshop participants. Comparisons with experimental data are made. statistical summary is also included.

A database of some 300 case histories wall and ground movements due to deep excavations worldwide is presented. Although recognizing the weakness in approach, a large used examine general trends patterns. For still soil sites, are generally less than those suggested well-known relationships proposed by Clough his coworkers. However, for walls that retain significant thickness soft material but have high factor safety against basal heave, similar calculated using charts. In these cases, when...

Dynamic loading of embankment, foundation and pavement structures results in particle breakage the constituent granular materials, when stresses imposed on their particles exceed strength. This paper presents a number drained cyclic triaxial tests loose, uniformly graded samples Dogs bay carbonate sand. It is observed that dependent stress level, ratio, creep directly related to volumetric strain. Drained cycling increases strain therefore more occurs larger numbers cycles are imposed. The...

Definitions are proposed for instructed second language acquisition (ISLA) and ISLA research. The quantity of research is partly driven by external geopolitical forces, its quality improved such methodological developments as the growing deployment statistical meta-analyses, new technology, especially eyetracking, instrumentation, e.g. Hi-Lab, a measure aptitudes both explicit implicit learning. Three major constraints on design L2 instruction that: (1) learning task too large either or...

Recently, considerable efforts have been made in the attempt to map quick clay areas using electrical resistivity measurements. However there is a lack of understanding regarding which soil parameters control measured values. To address this issue, inverted values from 15 marine sites Norway compared with basic geotechnical index properties. It was found that value strongly controlled by salt content pore fluid. Resistivity decreases rapidly increasing content. There also relatively clear...

A database of shear-wave velocity (Vs) measurements using a variety techniques and soil properties measured on high-quality samples for 28 Norwegian sites has been established. The purpose was to evaluate the different methods measuring Vs, present guidelines correlations assist in estimating Vs profiles these clays absence site-specific data, outline relationships that can be used give first-order estimates properties. It found consistent obtained from practical engineering purposes values...

Discussions of optimal types spoken and written input for language learning have traditionally focused on the relative merits authentic linguistically simplified texts. I will argue that elaborated and, in particular, modified input, constitute better options, with tasks, not just texts, functioning as important sources. Modified potentially coupled bimodal presentation, has many positive features, especially, but only, programs seeking to increase students' opportunities enhanced incidental...

Abstract— We have investigated the porosity of a large number chondritic interplanetary dust particles (IDPs) and meteorites by three techniques: standard liquid/gas flow techniques, new, noninvasive ultrasonic technique, image processing backscattered images. The latter technique is obviously best‐suited to sub‐kilogram sized samples. also measured gas liquid permeabilities some chondrites two nondestructive pressure release technique. find that IDPs somewhat bimodal distribution. Peaks are...

Summary We conducted comparative measurements of thermal properties samples from nine cores the ICDP COSC-1 borehole and four widely used rock references, using a steady-state transient divided-bar device, plane source modified Ångström as well two optical conductivity scanners. In addition, caloric method provided benchmark values for specific heat capacity. A complementary thin-section analysis allowed us to calculate capacity according Kopp’s law commonly mixing models. Our results...

Recent peat slope failures in Ireland the autumn of 2003 at Pollatomish, County Mayo and Derrybrien, Galway have focused attention on such events. However, involving are not a recent phenomenon, possible evidence has been identified as far back Early Bronze Age. This paper summarizes issues surrounding failure that would be interest to an engineer or engineering geologist assessing this geohazard. The distribution throughout Ireland, its formation, typical characteristic properties...

The multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) technique, which is used to determine shear wave velocity (V s ) and hence small strain stiffness (G max ), has recently generated considerable interest in the geophysics community. This because ease carrying out test data. objective this work was assess repeatability, accuracy, reliability MASW measurements for use engineering studies. Tests were carried at eight well-characterized Norwegian clay, silt, sand research sites where V had...

A database of research-quality piezocone cone penetration test (CPTU) and shear wave velocity, V s , information for Norwegian marine clays has been assembled to study the small-strain stiffness relationships these materials examine potential use CPTU data in combination purposes characterizing soils. Data sites where high-quality block sampling was carried out have mostly used. Improvements suggested existing correlations between modulus, G max or index properties Recent research shown that...

Geotechnical characteristics of Dublin Boulder Clay (DBC), based on detailed site investigation and experience from some recent large projects in Dublin, are presented. This paper attempts to synthesise available information parallel with work by Skipper et al., who provide an updated understanding the geology DBC. Having assessed effects sampling disturbance, characterises various formations sub-units The interpreted material behaviour is related observed engineering performance. It was...

The characterisation of soils for civil engineering purposes depends on removing sufficiently high-quality samples from the ground. Accurate evaluation sample quality is therefore important if reliable design parameters are to be determined. This paper describes use unconfined shear wave velocity (V s ) and suction (u r measurements assess rapidly in soft clay. Samples varying three well-characterised clay sites initially assessed using conventional techniques, their results compared with V...

ABSTRACT Marine clay deposits in coastal, post‐submarine areas of Scandinavia and North America may be subjected to quick landslides hence significant efforts are being taken map their occurrence extent. The purpose this paper is assess the use a number geophysical techniques for identifying clay. investigated area, Smørgrav, located southern Norway has history sliding, most recent event occurring 1984. Geophysical that used include electromagnetic conductivity mapping, electrical...

Full-flow penetrometers have been shown to overcome problems experienced with the cone penetrometer when measuring resistance in very soft peat and organic soil, give a much more uniform measure of than fibrous peat. However, at present there is no guidance on interpretation strength parameters these soils using T-bar ball. This paper examines results tests devices two research sites Netherlands conjunction high-quality Sherbrooke sampling for laboratory testing. In peat, ball provided lower...

ABSTRACT Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been implicated in a wide variety of biological activities, the pathogenesis numerous diseases, and proposed to serve as potential biomarkers disease human patients animal models. However, characterization EV populations is often performed using methods that do not account for heterogeneity require comparatively large sample sizes facilitate analysis. Here, we describe an imaging‐based method allows multiplexed at single level following...

The seabed of the Western Irish Sea Mud Belt (north Sea) comprises a thick sequence fine-grained Holocene marine sediments that overlay complex glacial deposits. preserves record environmental change in area. Part this area is earmarked for number offshore wind farm developments. poses geotechnical challenges to such developments, including soft silts and clays as well shallow gas. This paper characterises soil conditions context renewable energy development using various geophysical...